混合式学习在针灸实训中的设计应用和对照研究

目的　探讨混合式学习在刺法灸法学“毫针刺法”教学中的应用效果。方法　将针灸推拿专业本科二年级学生按照班级分为两组,实验组38人,对照组34人,分别采用混合式学习和传统方式进行“毫针刺法”授课。“混合式学习”为线上微信社区操作练习打卡与线下课堂学习相结合。比较两组学生的课后测试成绩,同时对实验组学生进行问卷调查,以评价混合式学习效果。采用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析,两组数据比较行t检验。结果　实验组“毫针刺法”平均成绩为（4.73±0.15）分,高于对照组的（4.27±0.46）分,差异有统计学意义（t=5.588,P=0.000）。问卷结果显示,88%（22/25）的学生认为,混合式学习对促进针灸操作技能有实效性。结论　混合式学习可以有效提高学生针灸操作技能,并且能够促进学生养成良好学习习惯,使课堂操作练习更有针对性。而更友好的线上学习工具,有待后期研究中进一步挖掘。     

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64% (P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71% (P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85% (P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.     

链霉亲和素化载紫杉醇相变型PLGA纳米粒的制备及体外超声显影

目的制备链霉亲和素化载紫杉醇相变型PLGA纳米粒(PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs),并观察其体外低强度聚焦超声(LIFU)致相变后超声增强显影特性。方法采用单乳化法(O/W)制备载紫杉醇相变型PLGA纳米粒,高效液相色谱法检测紫杉醇包封率;碳二亚胺法连接链霉亲和素(SA),共聚焦激光显微镜观察二者连接情况,流式细胞术检测二者链接率;体外LIFU致相变观察超声增强显影情况。结果制备的纳米粒粒径为(322.2±85.6)nm,表面电位(-5.66±3.46)mV。紫杉醇的包封率及载药量分别为(71.56±6.51)%、(6.57±0.61)%,与链霉亲和素的连接率为(97.16±1.20)%。LIFU功率7.5 W作用3min时可明显增强该纳米粒在体外的B-mode及造影模式下的超声显影。结论成功制备了PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs纳米粒,其紫杉醇包封率高、链霉亲和素连接率高,体外声致相变后可显著增强超声显影。     

胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助的小切口胸腰椎前路手术

目的：探讨胸腔镜或头灯光源辅助下小切口胸腰椎前路病灶清除和重建术的疗效及并发症。方法：63例胸腰椎疾病患者，胸腰椎爆裂性骨折25例，胸腰椎结核28例（均伴有腰椎冷脓肿或死骨），胸腰椎转移性肿瘤6例，嗜酸性肉芽肿1例，动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例，胸椎间盘突出症2例。神经功能Frankel分级：A级4例，B级4例，C级5例．D绒8例，E级42例。采用胸腔镜光源辅助下小切口手术35例，头灯光源辅助下小切口手术28例。病灶清除重建植骨术24例，病灶清除植骨钉板内固定39例。结果：切口长度5．7cm，平均5．8cm。平均手术时间210min，平均术中小血量650ml。术后神经功能A级4例，B级1例，C级2例，D级10例。E级46例。并发胸腔积液2例，肺不张2例，脑脊液漏1例，股外侧皮神经或肋间神经损害7例，经治疗均治愈。42例获半年～2年，平均1.1年随访，无植骨脱出或内固定失效，植骨均获愈合，畸形得到矫正，结核无复发，1例转移性肿瘤复发。结论：光源辅助下小切口腰腰椎前路手术克服了常规开胸手术切口长、创伤大、术后恢复慢等缺点，同时也克服了标准“锁孔”胸腔镜技术操作口过小、完全镜下操作、技术要求高、不易推广等缺点．是并发症较少、便于推广的较安全微创技术。     

Protective effect of albumin on lung injury in traumatic/ hemorrhagic shock rats

Objective. To determine the effect of albumin administration on lung injury in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock （T/HS） rats. Methods： Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly （ n = 16 in each group） ： Group A, Group B, Group C. In Group A, rats underwent laparotomy without shock. In Group B, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their blood plus lactated Ringer＇s （twice the volume of shed blood ）. In Group C, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their shed blood plus additional 3 ml of 5% human albumin. The expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils CD18/CD11b in jugular vein blood was evaluated. The main lung injury indexes （the activity of myeloperoxidase and lung injury score） were measured. Results： Significant differences of the expression of CD18/11b and the severity degree of lung injury were found between the three groups. （P〈0.05）. The expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group B and Goup C incresed significantly compared with those in Group A （P 〈0.05）. At the same time, the expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group C decreased dramatically, compared with those in Group B （ P 〈0.05 ）. Conclusions ： The infusion of albumin during resuscitation period can protect lungs from injury and decrease the expression of CD18/CD11b in T/HS rats.     

老年腹股沟疝无张力修补术与传统修补术的比较

目的 比较无张力腹股沟疝修补术与传统腹股沟疝修补术在老年患者中应用的临床结果、术后生活质量和经济开支。方法 自2000～2001年60岁以上的老年患者42例行腹股沟疝无张力修补术与42例行传统腹股沟疝修补术者，分类比较。结果　无张力腹股沟疝修补术对于老年患者在复发率、术后镇痛、手术时间和术后下地时间方面均明显优于传统腹股沟疝修补术。结论　无张力腹股沟疝修补术运用在老年患者中，近远期效果均优于传统修补手术。     

不同剂量罗库溴铵在颅脑手术中的肌松效应

目的比较罗库溴铵不同剂量配伍在颅脑手术麻醉诱导和维持中的肌松效应。方法择期颅脑手术患者45例,年龄20~60岁,随机分为三组,每组15例。诱导时分别接受罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg(Ⅰ组)、0.75mg/kg(Ⅱ组)和0.9mg/kg(Ⅲ组)。记录拇指肌诱发颤搐反应的抑制过程和恢复过程,在肌松作用消退25%时,三组分别追加罗库溴铵0.6、0.45和0.3mg/kg。评价给药前后血液动力学的波动及肌松起效时间、提供插管条件、肌松维持时间、恢复时间、总时效等效能指标。结果Ⅲ组拇指肌颤搐抑制5%的时间明显短于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但达到最大抑制时间三组无显著性差异(P>0.05);插管条件Ⅲ组优秀率明显较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组高(P<0.05,P<0.01);诱导量恢复5%及25%的时间Ⅲ组明显延长(P<0.01)。三组维持量起效时间及维持时间比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01),但诱导量加维持量总时效无显著性差异;给药前后三组血液动力学变化无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论罗库溴铵在颅脑手术麻醉中建议使用0.9mg/kg诱导,0.3mg/kg维持。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化切除加雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化切除加雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效。方法对31例前列腺癌晚期(D)患者采用经尿道前列腺电汽化切除及睾丸切除术,术后3~5d口服氟他胺做全雄激素阻断以及氟他胺加达菲林的药物去势治疗。结果随访3~42个月,生存者29例,2例患者生存超过5年,20例超过1年。其中7例骨转移病灶减少,6例骨痛患者治疗后疼痛消失。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)从术前的75.37μg/L降至1.34μg/L(术后1个月),3个月后降为0.27μg/L。B超、胸片、骨扫描未见新的转移灶。结论经尿道前列腺癌电汽化切除加全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌具有较好的临床疗效。     

胃代膀胱术远期疗效观察

目的 探讨胃代膀胱术的远期疗效。方法 对1991年5月至2003年10月30例胃代膀胱术患者的临床资料进行统计分析。其中膀胱肿瘤28例，结核性膀胱挛缩2例。结果 随访8～13年，平均10年。30例全身健康情况良好，日间排尿满意，3例偶有夜间尿失禁。1例术后19个月发生代膀胱穿孔，经抗酸和手术治疗痊愈。30例肾功能正常，无电解质紊乱；24例排尿前后胃泌素及尿液pH检查正常；4例有无症状菌尿。13例代膀胱黏膜活检为慢性炎症，壁细胞减少；9例免疫组化检查G细胞较正常减少。尿动力学检查代膀胱容量及顺应性正常，排尿期贮尿囊压力低于正常。10例行排尿期膀胱造影无输尿管返流，5例B超示肾集合系统轻度扩张。1例低压胃膀胱成形术，1例胃与后尿道逆蠕动吻合，剩余尿分别为150ml和250ml。1例出现血尿尿痛综合征，经抗酸及碱化尿液治疗后缓解。结论 胃代膀胱术远期疗效满意，是一种较好的尿流改道方法。     

舒筋壮骨汤结合经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松压缩性脊柱骨折对患者腰椎功能和骨代谢水平的影响

目的：观察舒筋壮骨汤结合经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松压缩性脊柱骨折对患者腰椎功能和骨代谢水平的影响。方法：选取我院2018年8月—2020年8月收治的骨质疏松压缩性脊柱骨折患者114例,根据入院顺序采用随机数字法分为两组,每组57例。对照组给予PVP治疗,观察组给予舒筋壮骨汤结合PVP治疗。统计两组总有效率,应用视觉模拟（VAS）评分法和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评价疼痛程度和腰椎功能障碍程度,检测两组骨代谢相关因子及腰椎骨密度（BMD）的变化,随访6个月,记录并比较两组邻近椎体骨折再发生率。结果：观察组临床痊愈24例,显效和有效共29例,总有效率92.98%,高于对照组（78.95%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,两组治疗2周、12周后VAS评分、ODI评分下降（P<0.05）,观察组治疗2周、12周后VAS评分、ODI评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,两组治疗2周、12周后血钙、骨钙素升高（P<0.05）,骨碱性磷酸酶下降（P<0.05）,观察组治疗2周、12周后血钙、骨钙素高于对照组（P<0....