bcl-1 REARRANGEMENT AND CYCLIN D1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

Centrocytic lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), is characterized by a chromosomal translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32) involving the bcl-1 locus on chromosome 11. Cyclin D1 is a cell-cycle regulatory protein essential for G1–S transition and has been identified as a potential transforming gene affected by the translocation. In this study, 32 cases of MCL were analysed for the bcl-1 rearrangement and cyclin D1 protein expression. In 17 cases, a rearrangement at the major translocation cluster of bcl-1 could be detected. Twenty-four cases exhibited nuclear cyclin D1 expression that was not detectable in other B-cell lymphomas ( n =40) or in normal B-cells. In nine MCL samples, cyclin D1 was expressed without a detectable bcl-1 rearrangement. The detection of a t(11;14) by means of classical cytogenetics in one of these cases, however, may suggest that this discrepancy could be due to chromosomal breakages outside the typical translocation cluster region. In two cases, a bcl-1 rearrangement was not accompanied by cyclin D1 expression. This study provides further evidence that cyclin D1 is involved in the pathogenesis of MCL and can be exploited as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas and in the identification of MCL.     

脂多糖诱导体外培养骨骼肌卫星细胞表达肝细胞生长因子的变化

目的:研究证实,在众多生长因子中,肝细胞生长因子无论在体外还是体内都可以激活静止状态的肌卫星细胞,修复受损肌肉。采用脂多糖刺激体外培养的骨骼肌卫星细胞,观察肌卫星细胞产生肝细胞生长因子以及肌卫星细胞增殖分化的变化。方法:实验于2006-07/2007-05在华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院创伤外科实验室完成。①实验材料:健康SD成年雄性大鼠,体质量150～200g,由华中科技大学同济医学院实验动物中心提供。实验过程中对动物处置符合实验动物伦理学标准。②实验方法:分离SD大鼠后肢部分股四头肌肉进行骨骼肌卫星细胞的培养。取第2代细胞爬片,待细胞增殖到80%密度时,丙酮固定细胞,常规处理后进行α-sarcometricactin细胞免疫化学染色鉴定,以成纤维细胞作为阴性对照。取第3代骨骼肌卫星细胞,应用0,5,10,20mg/L脂多糖刺激体外培养的大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞,采用ELISA方法测细胞培养液中的肝细胞生长因子的浓度。取第4代骨骼肌卫星细胞,用含体积分数为0.10胎牛血清的培养基配制成单个细胞悬液,调整浓度为5×107L-1,分成两组,一组加入10mg/L脂多糖,另一组不加任何干预。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定卫星细胞的增殖率。结果:①以未经脂多糖处理的无血清培养基培养的肌肉卫星细胞培养液为对照,将对照组和5,10,20mg/L脂多糖处理组比较,各实验组肝细胞生长因子浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。②5,10,20mg/L脂多糖刺激骨骼肌卫星细胞分泌的肝细胞生长因子水平差异无显著性。③肝细胞生长因子在脂多糖刺激后36h分泌浓度最高。④脂多糖刺激肌卫星细胞的增殖分化明显高于未经刺激的肌卫星细胞。结论:①脂多糖可诱导骨骼肌卫星细胞自分泌肝细胞生长因子。②不同质量浓度脂多糖培养基中肝细胞生长因子水平差异无统计学意义。③脂多糖具有促进骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化的效应。     

Acute pyelonephritis with renal abscesses and acute renal failure after salmonella infection

Urinary tract infections, renal abscess formation and acute renal failure (ARF) after salmonella infection are rarely reported in children. We present a previously healthy teenager who developed ARF with renal abscess formation after salmonella infection, in whom we believe that acute salmonella pyelonephritis was the main causative factor for ARF and not dehydration, shock or rhabdomyolysis, which have already been described in the literature. With prolonged antibiotic treatment and adequate hydration, the boy’s condition improved, but chronic kidney disease was unfortunately inevitable. Conclusion: Salmonella pyelonephritis has, according to our knowledge, not yet been described to be the main causative factor of ARF in previously healthy children, as was the case in our patient. Long‐term antibiotic treatment of at least 6 weeks is probably a must in such patients, even though chronic kidney disease could not have been prevented.     

Hepatitis B virus infection in Haemodialysis Centres from Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Predictive risk factors for infection and molecular epidemiology

Background

Patients under haemodialysis are considered at high risk to acquire hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Since few data are reported from Brazil, our aim was to assess the frequency and risk factors for HBV infection in haemodialysis patients from 22 Dialysis Centres from Santa Catarina State, south of Brazil.

Methods

This study includes 813 patients, 149 haemodialysis workers and 772 healthy controls matched by sex and age. Serum samples were assayed for HBV markers and viraemia was detected by nested PCR. HBV was genotyped by partial S gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses with stepwise logistic regression analysis were carried out to analyse the relationship between HBV infection and the characteristics of patients and their Dialysis Units.

Results

Frequency of HBV infection was 10.0%, 2.7% and 2.7% among patients, haemodialysis workers and controls, respectively. Amidst patients, the most frequent HBV genotypes were A (30.6%), D (57.1%) and F (12.2%). Univariate analysis showed association between HBV infection and total time in haemodialysis, type of dialysis equipment, hygiene and sterilization of equipment, number of times reusing the dialysis lines and filters, number of patients per care-worker and current HCV infection. The logistic regression model showed that total time in haemodialysis, number of times of reusing the dialysis lines and filters, and number of patients per worker were significantly related to HBV infection.

Conclusions

Frequency of HBV infection among haemodialysis patients at Santa Catarina state is very high. The most frequent HBV genotypes were A, D and F. The risk for a patient to become HBV positive increase 1.47 times each month of haemodialysis; 1.96 times if the dialysis unit reuses the lines and filters ≥ 10 times compared with haemodialysis units which reuse < 10 times; 3.42 times if the number of patients per worker is more than five. Sequence similarity among the HBV S gene from isolates of different patients pointed out to nosocomial transmission.