山东沿海农村地区的新生儿听力筛查

目的探讨如何在农村地区开展新生儿听力筛查。方法调查2004年1-12月在山东省莱州市人民医院出生的3922例新生儿，2004年莱州市年鉴显示：农业人口约占79％。采用瞬态诱发耳声发射快速筛查程序对出生后2～7d的新生儿进行听力筛查。未通过者在生后的4～6周进行复筛，复筛仍未通过者随访并做诊断性检查。结果3612例接受筛查占该院总出生人数的92．1％（3612／3922）；其中6％贫困儿享受免费筛查。初筛通过2527例，占总筛查人数的69．96％；未通过1085例（30．4％）。未接受筛查310例（7．9％）。应复筛1085例，实际按时复筛633例（58．34％），未能复筛452例（41．66％）。其中高危新生儿163例，按时筛查114例（69．94％），放弃筛查49例（30．06％）。复筛未通过者共14例，11例接受了诊断性听性脑干反应检查，2例双耳中度听力损伤，2例双耳重度听力损伤，4例单耳轻度听力损伤，3例正常。结论在农村地区开展新生儿听力筛查是可行的，也是必要的，建议应该尽快地建立和完善农村地区新生儿听力筛查模式，让更多的贫困婴儿享受免费筛查，真正做到人人享有健康。     

Experimental rationale for carcinogenic risk of asbestos cement industry and its products

During intraperitoneal administration of dispersiveness-comparable chrysotile or asbestos cement fibers to rats (20 mg thrice), mesotheliomas were found in 45.1 and 7.7% of cases respectively. Asbestos cement dust induced tumors in 2.5% of cases, which is of biological importance. Cement or freeze asbestos destruction cement dust failed to cause tumors. The latter were not detected in a control group receiving physiological saline. Asbestos cement fibers and fascicles are covered by a cement matrix. Fiber amorphization gradually occurs. In lung tissue, there may be destruction of the cement coat of fascicles and release of native chrysotile fibers that are carcinogenic.     

Acquired immune hemolytic anemia associated with IgA erythrocyte coating: investigation of hemolytic mechanisms

We have investigated the hemolytic mechanisms in a patient with acquired immune hemolytic anemia whose red cells appeared to be coated with IgA alone. The clinical course was similar to that of patients with hemolytic anemia mediated by warm-reacting IgG antibody. Splenic sequestration of red cells was demonstrated, and marked reduction of hemolysis occurred after corticosteroid therapy. Antibody was eluted from the patient's red cells and used to sensitize normal red cells in vitro. These sensitized red cells were not lysed by fresh autologous serum, nor did they fix detectable amounts of C3. However, red cells sensitized by eluted antibody were lysed by normal human peripheral blood monocytes in a system designed to demonstrate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Monocyte-mediated hemolysis of sensitized red cells was inhibited by the addition of low concentrations of normal serum IgA to the system, but not by IgG. The ability of the eluate to induce monocyte-mediated hemolysis was abolished by its adsorption on Sepharose-bound anti-IgA, but not by preincubation with Sepharose-bound anti-IgG. In addition, normal human monocytes were demonstrated to ingest eluate-sensitized red cells. These data demonstrate an in vitro interaction of IgA-sensitized red cells with leukocytes and suggest a possible mechanism for the patient's hemolysis.     

万古霉素与利奈唑胺治疗脓毒症对C反应蛋白和降钙素原的影响

目的 探讨万古霉素与利奈唑胺治疗脓毒症对C反应蛋白和降钙素原的影响。方法 选择2016年1月~2020年12月我院收治的268例脓毒症患者为研究对象,均采用万古霉素或利奈唑胺治疗,运用倾向性评分匹配法矫正组间混杂因素,通过重复测量方差分析法对用药前、用药3 d时的CRP和PCT水平变化情况。结果 268例患者中,120例行万古霉素治疗,148例行利奈唑胺治疗;在利奈唑胺组中,用药3 d时的CRP和PCT水平均低于用药前（P<0.05）;而在万古霉素组中,用药前后的CRP和PCT水平比较无差异（P>0.05）;同时,经倾向性评分匹配对混杂因素进行矫正后,两组患者的治疗有效率和生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 临床上在治疗脓毒症患者时,使用利奈唑胺治疗后,能够使CRP和PCT水平降低,起效时间短,但是万古霉素和利奈唑胺在治疗结局方面无明显差异。     

Fluoride bioavailability in saliva using DENTTABS® compared to dentifrice

It was the aim of this study to assess fluoride retained in saliva after use of fluoride-containing tablet DENTTABS® compared to toothpaste containing amine fluoride. Four subjects (2 normal saliva secretors, 1 slow secretor, and 1 fast secretor) participated in this crossover study comparing DENTTABS® and ELMEX®. After baseline sample collection, calibrated study personnel brushed the subjects’ teeth with the assigned product for 3 minutes. Saliva samples were taken at baseline (T0), immediately after brushing (T1) and then 10 (T2), 25 (T3) and 85 (T4) minutes post-brushing. The amount of saliva collected was measured, and the fluoride content was analysed. All 4 subjects repeated all study cycles 5 times. Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney-U test and Spearman correlation. The fluoride retention was significantly higher after brushing with DENTTABS® at T1 and T2. There was a correlation between individual salivary flow rate and the F- content. Flow rate in g/min ranged from 1.1 to 3.8 at T1 and from 0.2 to 1.1 at T4 with much higher F- retention in slow secreting cycles. The saliva fluoride clearance kinetics of two equal amounts of fluoride-containing oral hygiene products demonstrate higher retention for DENTTABS®.     

Gender Differences in the Clinical Characteristics and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction Properties in Patients With Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Gender Differences in Patients With AVNRT. Introduction: The detailed electrophysiological characteristics of the gender differences associated with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) have not been clarified. This study investigated the gender‐related electrophysiological differences in a large series of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods and Results: A total of 2,088 consecutive AVNRT patients (men/women 869/1,219) who underwent catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the gender differences in their electrophysiological characteristics. Women had a significantly younger age of onset, higher incidence of multiple jumps, shorter AH interval, atrial effective refractory period (ERP), anterograde fast pathway ERP, anterograde slow pathway ERP, and retrograde slow pathway ERP, and longer ventricular ERP than men. The incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation was lower in women than in men. Women needed less isoproterenol/atropine to induce AVNRT. No gender differences in the radiation exposure time, procedure time, complication rate, acute success rate, or second procedure rate were noted. Both typical and atypical AVNRT were more predominant in women. In the patients with atypical AVNRT, there was no significant gender difference in incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation; however, the retrograde slow pathway ERP was significantly shorter in women than in men. Women of premenopausal age (≤50 years old) had a significantly higher incidence of anterograde multiple jumps and a retrograde jump phenomenon, and a shorter anterograde slow pathway ERP and retrograde slow pathway ERP than those of women over 50 years old. Conclusion: Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AV nodal electrophysiology were noted in the patients with AVNRT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1114‐1119)     

Recent Diarrhea is Associated with Elevated Salivary IgG Responses to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptosporidium</Emphasis> in Residents of an Eastern Massachusetts Community

Background:   

Serological data suggest that Cryptosporidium infections are common but underreported. The invasiveness of blood sampling limits the application of serology in epidemiological surveillance. We pilot-tested a non-invasive salivary anti-Cryptosporidium antibody assay in a community survey involving children and adults.