临床检验方法评价决定图的制作及应用

目的介绍一种新的图形工具用于对分析方法性能作出决定。方法制作方法评价决定图,需要以允许总误差(TEa)形式规定分析质量要求。在图上,Y轴为“允许不准确度[偏倚(b ias)]”,其刻度为0至TEa,X轴为“允许不精密度[变异系数(CV)],其刻度为0至1/2TEa,画出通过Y轴上的TEa点和X轴上的1/2TEa点的b ias 2s线,画出通过Y轴上的TEa点和X轴上的1/3TEa点的b ias 3s线,画出通过Y轴上的TEa点和X轴上的1/4TEa点的b ias 4s线,并在图上相应的区域标记出“差、边界、良好、优秀”。结果方法评价决定图与操作过程规范图有着密切的关系,并提供了将方法性能分为差、良好或优秀的指南。结论借助于方法评价决定图很容易并快速地作出方法性能的客观决定。     

2002年全国地方性氟中毒监测

目的 掌握全国地方性氟中毒(地氟病)防治措施落实进度、防治效果及病情变化动态，为制定地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 按全国地氟病监测方案规定的方法和要求进行。结果 ①无论饮水型病区还是燃煤型病区的防治措施完成率和合格率，仍有一些省份处于较低水平。②全国大部分监测点的病情不是很重，但仍然有黑龙江、新疆、贵州、四川等病情严重的地区。结论 地氟病防治工作是长期的，必须有打持久战的思想准备和技术储备。     

中国五地区中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素比较研究

目的　了解中国地区间中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素 ,为脊椎骨折的社区预防和治疗提供依据。方法　采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法对中国五大行政区 5 1 0 3例 50岁以上男女人群进行胸腰椎侧位平片 ,骨密度测量和问卷调查 ,对 1 4 0余个变量进行多因素非条件 Logistic回归分析 ,得出各危险因素的比数比 (OR)。结果　五地区资料分别为 :年龄因素 (OR=1 .0 4 1 2 - 1 .1 1 58,男女 ) ,背疼史 (OR=1 .4544- 3.40 68,男 )和坐立试验困难 (OR=1 .2 2 0 0 - 1 8.561 0 ,女 )为较共同危险因素 ,骨密度 (OR=0 .0 0 2 3- 0 .0 2 0 7,男女 ) ,第一次右手握力 (OR=0 .71 70 - 0 .8474,女 )为较共同的保护性因素 ;长期卧床 (男 ) ,母亲骨质疏松史 (男 ) ,肝脏病史 (女 ) ,长期卧床年龄 (女 )等危险因素分别在不同地区出现 ;而常吃鱼类、肉类(男 ) ,垂直跳高能力 (女 ) ,居室阳光充足 (女 ) ,年轻时身高 (女 )等多为保护性因素。结论　我国五地区脊椎骨折患病危险因素中有共同的暴露因素 ,同时 ,不同地区主要危险因素和保护性因素又有一定差异。为今后脊椎骨折的防治提供参考数据。     

Migration and mental health in Europe (the state of the mental health in Europe working group: appendix 1)

Background

This paper is a part of the work of the group that carried out the report "The state of the mental health in Europe" (European Commission, DG Health and Consumer Protection, 2004) and deals with the mental health issues related to the migration in Europe.

Methods

The paper tries to describe the social, demographical and political context of the emigration in Europe and tries to indicate the needs and (mental) health problems of immigrants. A review of the literature concerning mental health risk in immigrant is also carried out. The work also faces the problem of the health policy toward immigrants and the access to health care services in Europe.

Results

Migration during the 1990s has been high and characterised by new migrations. Some countries in Europe, that have been traditionally exporters of migrants have shifted to become importers. Migration has been a key force in the demographic changes of the European population. The policy of closed borders do not stop migration, but rather seems to set up a new underclass of so-called "illegals" who are suppressed and highly exploited. In 2000 there were also 392.200 asylum applications.The reviewed literature among mental health risk in some immigrant groups in Europe concerns: 1) highest rate of schizophrenia; suicide; alcohol and drug abuse; access of psychiatric facilities; risk of anxiety and depression; mental health of EU immigrants once they returned to their country; early EU immigrants in today disadvantaged countries; refugees and mental healthDue to the different condition of migration concerning variables as: motivation to migrations (e.g. settler, refugees, gastarbeiters); distance for the host culture; ability to develop mediating structures; legal residential status it is impossible to consider "migrants" as a homogeneous group concerning the risk for mental illness. In this sense, psychosocial studies should be undertaken to identify those factors which may under given conditions, imply an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and influence seeking for psychiatric care.

Comments and Remarks

Despite in the migrants some vulnerable groups were identified with respect to health problems, in many European countries there are migrants who fall outside the existing health and social services, something which is particularly true for asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants. In order to address these deficiencies, it is necessary to provide with an adequate financing and a continuity of the grants for research into the multicultural health demand. Finally, there is to highlight the importance of adopting an integrated approach to mental health care that moves away from psychiatric care only.

     

高效液相色谱法快速测定氨基酸类神经递质

目的建立一种同时快速测定大鼠纹状体中谷氨酸(G lu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(G ly)、牛磺酸(Tau)5种氨基酸类神经递质的高效液相色谱法。方法采用Krom asil C18(4.6×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,丹酰氯为柱前衍生试剂,以曲唑酮为内标,以0.1 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液∶甲醇=58∶42、14 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠为流动相等度洗脱。结果在1~200 mg/L范围内,各组分线性关系良好(r=0.999)。各氨基酸的平均回收率为79.1%~92.9%。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,可用于临床大样本测定和研究神经及精神疾病氨基酸类神经递质的改变。     

注射器死腔残留量对卡介苗接种免疫效果的影响

目的探讨注射器死腔残留量对卡介苗接种免疫效果的影响。方法采取随机抽样的研究方法,将正常新生儿分成3组,对照组278例,实验1组325例,实验2组300例,用改变菌液浓度或预抽注射器死腔残留量来减少卡介苗残留量,保证接种的卡介苗量。具体为对照组每支卡介苗溶解稀释时用0.5ml注射用水配制,取0.1ml菌液接种,每支卡介苗接种5人;实验1组每支卡介苗溶解稀释时用0.5ml注射用水配制,取0.125ml菌液接种,每支卡介苗接种4人;实验2组每支卡介苗溶解稀释时用0.75ml注射用水配制,取0.15ml菌液接种,每支卡介苗接种5人。将3组新生儿卡介苗接种免疫效果进行比较。结果实验组卡介苗阳转率及卡疤成功率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论本研究实验组的方法保证了新生儿卡介苗接种的菌苗有效量,从而提高了卡介苗接种后PPD的阳转率及卡疤成功率,临床上配制溶解稀释卡介苗和接种卡介苗时应考虑注射器死腔残留的问题。     

多角色扮演在《护理学基础》教学中的应用

目的　探讨如何提高《护理学基础》教学效果及培养护生多方面的能力。方法　教学中某些章节采用多角色扮演。结果　学生的学习成绩及自学能力、语言表达能力、动手能力及心理素质等方面都有较大的提高。结论　运用多角色扮演法进行教学可以取得良好的教学效果。     

第一胎药物流产致输卵管性不孕的分析

目的探讨第一胎药物流产后继发不孕的主要原因。方法对第一胎药物流产后继发不孕者 5 4例 ,同期原发不孕患者 117例均行子宫输卵管造影术 ,比较两组输卵管梗阻发生率。结果继发不孕组有 19例 (35 .19% ) ,原发不孕组有 2 0例 (17.0 9% ) ,均出现不同程度的输卵管梗阻。两组比较因输卵管梗阻引起的不孕有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论第一胎产妇行药物流产存在一定的不安全性 ,输卵管梗阻是继发不孕的主要原因。