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Md Imdadul Haque Kamrun Nahar Md Humayun Kabir Abdus Salam 《Air quality, atmosphere, & health》2018,11(8):925-935
Eighteen brick kilns of three brick-making technologies (Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCK), Zigzag, and Hoffmann) were selected to measure the concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) with Aerocet 531S (USA) sampler, black carbon (BC) with Magee Scientific, OT-21 Soot scan Transmissometer (USA), and gaseous pollutants (CO2, CO, SO2, NOx, and volatile organic carbon (VOC)) with Aeroqual 500 gas sampler (New Zealand) to understand the emission scenario from brick sector in Greater Dhaka region, Bangladesh. Emission factor (EF) of each pollutant was computed from their respective concentration for three brick kiln technologies. Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 were measured in brick kiln premises and 1 km far from the respective kilns to see the effect on the surrounding areas. The PM2.5 concentration was found on an average of 141?±?86, 128?±?72, and 110?±?53 mg/m3 in FCK, Zigzag, and Hoffmann kilns, respectively. The average BC concentration was found 16.6?±?7.1 (FCK), 11.8?±?4.2 (Zigzag), and 8.9?±?4.4 (Hoffmann) mg/m3. FCK has a greater emission of CO, whereas Zigzag has a higher CO2 emission. A comparatively higher value of CO2 and lower value of CO indicates effective combustion of coal, and this is found to be more efficient for Zigzag and Hoffmann compared to traditional FCK. SO2 and VOC emissions were depending not only on the kiln types but also on the fuel qualities. From EF calculation, approximately 4526 t of PM2.5, 340 t of BC, 209,776 t of CO2, 8700 t of CO, 19,441 t of SO2, and 835,450 t of VOC per year found to emit from 1000 brick kilns. The conversion of traditional FCK to improved one, i.e., Zigzag and/or Hoffman is not a straight forward solution, as CO2 emission was higher in Zigzag whereas BC and PM2.5 emissions were higher in FCK. Therefore, considering EF of various pollutants from these three types of kilns, conversion of FCK to Zigzag or Hoffmann could be a better choice. 相似文献
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Tania Islam Maznah Dahlui Hazreen Abd Majid Azmi Mohamed Nahar Nur Aishah Mohd Taib Tin Tin Su MyBCC study group 《BMC public health》2014,14(Z3):S8
Background
The breast cancer survival rate is the highest among all types of cancers, and survivors returning to work after completing treatment is extremely important in regards to economy and rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review study is to identify the prevalence of breast cancer survivors who return to work (RTW) and the factors associated to RTW.Methods
A computer based literature search was carried out. "PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct" databases were searched systematically. Our search strategy identified a total of 12,116 papers of which 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. These were original papers published between January 2003 and January 2013.Results
The trends in RTW differ among countries for the breast cancer survivors. The time to RTW after successful cancer treatment also varies among the countries and by ethnicity. The prevalence of the RTW varies from 43% to 93% within one year of diagnosis. The prevalence of the RTW for the Netherland is the lowest in the world (43%). The United States survivors showed the highest RTW (93%) within 12 months of the diagnosis. Numerous barriers and facilitators were identified as factors that affect RTW. For instance, socio-demographic factors such as education and ethnicity; treatment oriented factors such as chemotherapy; work related factors such as heavy physical work; disease related factors such as poor health condition and fatigue; and psychological factors such as depression and emotional distress, act as barriers of RTW. In contrast, social, family, employer support, and financial independency emerge as key facilitators in enabling breast cancer survivors to return and continue work.Conclusion
Minimising these identified barriers and strengthening these facilitators could further improve the work condition and increase the percentage of RTW among the breast cancer survivors.16.
Talal F. Al-Azemi Mickey Vinodh Fatemeh H. Alipour Abdirahman A. Mohamod 《RSC advances》2019,9(40):23295
Bulky perneopentyloxy-pillar[5]arene (Pillar-1) was synthesized and its conformational mobility was investigated using variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The host–guest interactions between Pillar-1 and n-octyltrimethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (OMA) were investigated, and the formation of a 1 : 1 complex was revealed via1H NMR. Planar-chiral isomers were synthesized via the reaction of a hydroxy-functionalized pillar[5]arene with chiral derivatization agent (S)-(+)-MTPA-Cl. The (Sp, R)-and (Rp, R)-forms of the pillar[5]arene diastereomers were isolated by HPLC, and their structures were analyzed by 19F NMR. HPLC measurements indicated that racemization did not take place at 40 °C for 72 h.Bulky perneopentyloxy-pillar[5]arene was synthesized. Complexation behavior and conformational mobility were investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Isolation of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes using a chiral derivatization agent were carried out. 相似文献
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Lipeng Wu Milen I. Georgiev Hui Cao Lutfun Nahar Hesham R. El-Seedi Satyajit D. Sarker Jianbo Xiao Baiyi Lu 《Medicinal research reviews》2020,40(6):2605-2649
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are generally water-soluble phenolic compounds that occur in many medicinal plants. Until June 2020, more than 572 PhGs have been isolated and identified. PhGs possess antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antioxidant, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties. Despite these promising benefits, PhGs have failed to fulfill their therapeutic applications due to their poor bioavailability. The attempts to understand their metabolic pathways to improve their bioavailability are investigated. In this review article, we will first summarize the number of PhGs compounds which is not accurate in the literature. The latest information on the biological activities, structure–activity relationships, mechanisms, and especially the clinical applications of PhGs will be reviewed. The bioavailability of PhGs will be summarized and factors leading to the low bioavailability will be analyzed. Recent advances in methods such as bioenhancers and nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of PhGs are also summarized. The existing scientific gaps of PhGs in knowledge are also discussed, highlighting research directions in the future. 相似文献
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