EGF促进RPE细胞毒蕈碱受体诱导的磷酸肌醇形成：受体间交互作用分析

对培养人眼视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞磷酸肌醇（InsPs）水平的分析表明，Carbachol显著刺激RPE细胞InsPs水平的升高，且该效应可被阿托品所阻断，表明在人眼RPE细胞存在毒蕈碱受体。去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、表皮生长因子（EGF）、异丙肾上腺素和NECA对InsPs基础水平无明显影响。异丙肾上腺素和NECA对Carbachol刺激InsPs的效应也无明显影响；但EGF显著促进Carbacol刺激人眼RPE细胞InsPs水平升高的效应。提示在人眼RPE细胞EGF与毒蕈碱受体之间存在有受体间交互作用。 （中华眼底病杂志，1994，10：220-222）     

Adnexal and cul-de-sac abnormalities: transvaginal sonography

Sixty-seven patients selectively chosen from 354 undergoing conventional transabdominal (TA) sonography for evaluation of a clinically suspected adnexal mass subsequently underwent transvaginal (TV) sonography either because the TA sonograms were technically suboptimal or because it was not possible to characterize with certainty an abnormality identified with TA sonography. TV sonography added diagnostically useful information in 25 of 28 patients with cystic pathologic changes in the adnexa uteri. Eight of 12 patients with tuboovarian abscess and nonspecific adnexal masses visualized with TA sonography had tube-shaped fluid collections characteristic of pyosalpinx identified with TV sonography. TV sonography added diagnostically useful information in all seven patients with diseases of the cul-de-sac (rectouterine fossa) and allowed differentiation of adnexal from primary uterine disease in three patients with TA sonograms on which findings were equivocal. It also expedited the diagnosis of a tubal pregnancy in ten of 14 patients and was useful in the detection of adhesions and perforated intrauterine devices. These results indicate that adjunctive TV sonography can provide important diagnostic information.     

Fluid therapy in acute myocardial infarction: evaluation of predictors of volume responsiveness

Background: Static vascular filling pressures suffer from poor predictive power in identifying the volume-responsive heart. The use of dynamic arterial pressure variables, including pulse pressure variation (PPV) has instead been suggested to guide volume therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of several clinically applicable haemodynamic parameters to predict volume responsiveness in a pig closed chest model of acute left ventricular myocardial infarction.
Methods: Fifteen anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated pigs were studied following acute left myocardial infarction by temporary coronary occlusion. Animals were instrumented to monitor central venous (CVP) and pulmonary artery occlusion (PAOP) pressures and arterial systolic variations (SPV) and PPV. Cardiac output (CO) was measured using the pulmonary artery catheter and by using the PiCCO^® monitor also giving stroke volume variation (SVV). Variations in the velocity time integral by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography were determined in the left (ΔVTI_LV) and right (ΔVTI_RV) ventricular outflow tracts. Consecutive boluses of 4 ml/kg hydroxyethyl starch were administered and volume responsiveness was defined as a 10% increase in CO.
Results: Receiver–operator characteristics (ROC) demonstrated the largest area under the curve for ΔVTI_RV [0.81 (0.70–0.93)] followed by PPV [0.76 (0.64–0.88)] [mean (and 95% CI)]. SPV, ΔVTI_LV and SVV did not change significantly during volume loading. CVP and PAOP increased but did not demonstrate significant ROC.
Conclusion: PPV may be used to predict the response to volume administration in the setting of acute left ventricular myocardial infarction.     

Assessment of oral health status and its association with some epidemiological factors in population of Nagpur, India

Present cross sectional study was undertaken in field practice area of Urban Health Training centre, Bapunagar, Nagpur to assess oral health status of community and to study the relationship of some epidemiological factors with it. Observations of the present study reveal that dental caries (43.2%) and periodontal diseases (34.8%) were the most common dental disorders. Other disorders were dentofacial anamoly (24.2%), opacities and enamel disorders (18.7%) and oral mucosal lesions 7.1%). Oral precancerous lesions (2.4%) also found to be an important problem. Prevalence of oral cancer was 0.1%. In general oral problems were more common in lower socioeconomic group and in habiters i.e. ghutka chewers, pan, tobacco eaters, candies eaters. Also use of tooth brush and tooth powder for cleaning teeth were found to be associated with lower prevalence of oro-dental disorders. Most of the problems were common in younger and middle aged population except cancer and precancerous lesions which were common in middle and older population. But oral submucous fibrosis was exclusively found in younger and middle aged subjects.     

U22, a Protocol to Quantify Symptoms Associated with Supraventricular Tachycardia

Background: The main indication for ablation of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTA) is symptomatic relief. Specific paroxysmal symptoms cannot be quantified with general measures of quality of life, such as with the SF-36 questionnaire. U22 is a new protocol which measures the effects of arrhythmia on well-being, the intensity of discomfort during an episode, the type and temporal characteristics of dominant symptoms, and the duration and frequency of episodes. Discrete 0–10 scales are used. Unlike SF-36, U22 can be used in individual patients.
Methods: U22 and SF-36 protocols were used in the symptomatic evaluation of 88 patients (mean age = 49.6 ± 16.4 years; 43 men), who underwent catheter ablation of SVTA.
Results: The U22 scores (SD) for (a) well-being (10 being best), (b) effects of arrhythmia on well-being (10 being worst), and (c) discomfort during arrhythmia (10 being worst) were 5.6 (2.7), 7.5 (2.8), and 8.0 (2.4), respectively. For comparison, the physical and mental component summaries of SF-36 were 45.3 (11.0) and 45.2 (12.1), respectively, slightly lower than the expected normal of 50. The intensity of dominant symptom scored by U22 was 9.7 (1.2), 10 being worst. In 29% of patients ≥4 symptoms were equally dominant. Multiple dominant symptoms in U22 were associated with a low general well-being in SF-36.
Conclusion: We found U22 useful to quantify symptoms associated with SVTA.     

EGF促进RPE细胞β2肾上腺能受体诱导的cAMP形成：受体间交互作用分析

研究证实表皮生长因子(EGF)不影响培养人眼视网膜色常上皮(RPE)细胞cAMP的基础水平，但促进异丙肾上腺索激活β₂受体后诱导cAMP水平升高的效应，井呈量效信赖关系。EGF对腺嘌呤核苷A₂受体激动剂NECA诱导cAMP水子升高的效应没有明显影响．细胞增殖分析表明，EGF刺激人眼RPE细胞增殖，而DibutyrylcAMP和异丙肾上腺素抑制RGF刺激增殖的效应。结果提示，在人眼RPE细胞EGF和β₂受体之间存在受体间交互作用． （中华眼底病杂志，1995，11：25-27）     

The sulfide metabolite of sulindac prevents tumors and restores enterocyte apoptosis in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis

Sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is effective in treating intestinal adenomas in humans with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and in preventing intestinal tumors in the C57Bl/6J- Min+ (Min) mouse, an animal model of FAP. Sulindac is a prodrug metabolized by the liver and intestinal flora to a sulfone, which has no anti-inflammatory activity, and a sulfide, which is the active anti- inflammatory metabolite. In this study, we determined which of these metabolites is responsible for the anti-tumor effect of sulindac in Min mice. Min mice were treated with either sulindac sulfone or sulindac sulfide (0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/day). Min mice and homozygous C57Bl/6J-(+/+) normal litter-mates lacking the Apc mutation (+/+) were used as controls. At 110 days of age, all mice were euthanized and their intestinal tracts examined. Control Min mice had 33.2 +/- 6.6 tumors per mouse compared to 0.6 +/- 0.3 tumors for sulindac sulfide-treated Min mice (P < 0.001) and 21.9 +/- 4.5 tumors per mouse for sulindac sulfone-treated Min mice (P > 0.05). Decreased enterocyte apoptosis was observed in Min control mice and Min mice treated with sulindac sulfone. Sulindac sulfide restored to normal the level of apoptosis in the mucosa of Min animals and decreased levels of PGE2 in the small intestine of treated Min animals by 59% (P < 0.001). These data suggest that the anti-tumor effect of sulindac in Apc-deficient animals is mediated by the sulfide metabolite and correlates with suppression of tissue prostaglandin synthesis.      

地龙(蚯蚓)体内磷脂的组成和血小板活化因子的生物合成

首次发现低等动物地龙(Eisenia foetida,亦称蝗蚓)体内含有血小板活化因子(PAF),含量随季节变化,平均达10.7±6.1pmol/g湿重(或1.1±0.5μmol/mol磷脂)。磷脂成分中,PAF前体物质1-O-烷基-2-酰基(长链)-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱占磷脂酰胆碱的比例高达61.4%。并证实地龙体内含有与哺乳类动物相同的两种PAF合成酶蛋白。当针刺、切断等伤害性刺激时,PAF水平显著升高。此结果提示PAF是一种初始的活性介质,在地龙这类低等动物体内也参与机体的病理、生理应急反应。本研究为阐明中药地龙的降血压等药理作用机理提供新线索。