灰毡毛忍冬化学成分研究V灰毡毛忍冬素F和G的结构测定

灰毡毛忍冬化学成分研究Ｖ灰毡毛忍冬素Ｆ和Ｇ的结构测定陈敏，吴威巍，沈国强，罗思齐，李惠庭（上海医药工业研究院２０００４０）灰毡毛忍冬（ＬｏｉｎｃｅｒａｍａｃｒａｎｔｈｏｉｄｅｓＨａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ）系忍冬科忍冬属植物，别名大花忍冬，分布于贵州、广西、...     

烯丙胺类抗真菌药物比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)的研究

本实验采用“活性类似物法”确定了烯丙胺类抗真菌化合物的药效构象,采用比较分子力场分析法(CoMFA)拟合了48个烯丙胺类抗真菌化合物对6种常见致病真菌的3D-QSAR方程,并比较了2种不同叠合规则对模型的影响,最后,用5个新合成化合物对所拟合的抗石膏样毛癣菌、抗烟曲霉菌的CoMFA模型的预测能力进行了检验,得到比较满意的结果。     

A gene transfer strategy for making bone marrow cells resistant to trimetrexate

Trimetrexate (TMTX) is an anticancer drug with potential advantages over the more commonly used antifolate, methotrexate (MTX); however, its use has been limited by severe myelosuppression. Retroviral vectors containing mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes have been used to protect bone marrow cells from MTX, suggesting a similar approach could be used for TMTX. We first screened six variants of human DHFR to determine which allowed maximal TMTX resistance in fibroblasts. A variant enzyme containing a Leu-to-Tyr mutation in the 22nd codon (L22Y) was best, allowing a 100-fold increase in resistance over controls. Murine hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with an L22Y- containing retroviral vector also showed high-level TMTX resistance in vitro. Mice reconstituted with L22Y-transduced bone marrow cells were challenged with a 5-day course of TMTX to determine whether hematopoiesis could be protected in vivo. Transfer of the L22Y vector resulted in consistent protection from TMTX-induced neutropenia and reticulocytopenia at levels that correlated with the proviral copy number in circulating leukocytes. We conclude that the L22Y vector is highly effective in protecting hematopoiesis from TMTX toxicity and may provide a means for increasing the therapeutic utility of TMTX in certain cancers.     

Immunohistochemically Determined Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Levels: A Comparison of Three Antibodies with the Ligand-Binding Assay

Abstract: Traditionally, estrogen and progesterone receptor levels have been determined by biochemical ligandbinding assays, but more recently immunohistochemical techniques have become available. They have gained popularity due to their low cost, smaller sample size requirements, and direct visualization capability of reaction location. Several antibody clones are commercially available and antibodies directed against the estrogen receptor (ER) are supplied by Ventana Medical Systems (Tucson, AZ), Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, IL), and lmmunotech Westbrook, ME). Antibodies directed against the progesterone receptor (PgR) are supplied by Ventana Medical Systems (Tucson, AZ), lmmunotech (Westbrook, ME), and Becton-DickinsonKelI Analysis Systems (San Jose, CA). Computer-assisted image analysis using the CAS ZOOTM (Becton-DickinsonKIS, San Jose, CA) allows quantitation of immunohistochemically determined receptor levels. Correlation of quantitated immunohistochemical ER levels with values determined by ligand-binding assay revealed the Ventana antibody to most closely predict the ligand-binding results (wk = .667). The Ventana anti-progesterone antibody quantitation most closely correlated with the ligand-binding results (wk = 435) for determination of PgR. Progesterone receptor level as determined by any of the tested methods did not stratify patients into favorable and unfavorable prognostic groups. Estrogen receptor level as determined by the Ventana antibody was the most predictive of patient outcome but this relationship did not reach statistical significance (p = .09). Most discrepancies between the ligand-binding assay and the immunohistochemical assays were associated with one of three factors: (a) low volume of neoplastic cells present due either to small sample size or high stromal content, (b) premenopausal status with circulating endogenous estrogens potentially occupying receptor sites, (c) presence of benign breast epithelium resulting in a false-positive ligand-binding assay.     

吸收度线性组合分光光度法的初步探讨

本文在联立方程法(包括双波长法、系数倍率法)、三波长法、正交函数法的基础上提出一种新的计算分光光度测定法——吸收度线性组合法。文中对上述诸法进行了比较,并从理论和实验上证明了新法只要合理组合,随着测试点数的增加,测定精度可望改善。     

Determination of Proliferation Index By MIB-1 Immunostaining in Early Stage Breast Cancer Using Quantitative Image Analysis

Abstract: Several clinicopathologic variables influence prognosis in breast cancer, including stage, histologic grade, nodal status, and tumor size. Multiple studies have shown an independent value of proliferation index as a prognostic variable for the stratification into favorable and unfavorable groups. The monoclonal antibody MIB-1 reacts with the same antigen site, not epitope, as recognized by the Ki-67 antibody. Like Ki-67, MIB-1 reacts with cells in the late G₁, S, M and G₂ phases of the cell cycle, but MIB-1 has the advantage of reacting with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. The authors investigated the feasibility of using image analysis to quantitate the MIB-1 antibody staining (proliferation index [PI]) and predict survival in a series of 230 patients with stage I and stage II breast cancer. In a univariate Cox regression model, larger values of MIB-1 were related to shorter survival times (p < 0.001). Exploratory statistical procedures were used to categorize the patients into good, intermediate, and poor survival groups using the following proliferation indices as cut-points: <5%, 5–11%, and >11 %, respectively. Higher clinical stage was associated with higher MIB-1 values and shorter survival (p = 0.01, and p = 0.003, respectively). Tumor size (p = 0.02) and nodal status (p = 0.05) were also associated with higher values of MIB-1. After adjusting for age, clinical stage, nodal status, and tumor size in a multivariate analysis, MIB-1 retained its prognostic significance (p < 0.0001) when considered as either a continuous or categorical variable. There were no significant associations between MIB-1 determined proliferation index and age (p = 0.54), histologic grade (p = 0.69), nuclear grade (p = 0.06) or the presence of vascular invasion (p =.66). There is a strong statistical relationship between cell proliferative activity, as determined by MIB-1 expression, and survival in early stage breast cancer.     

槲寄生化学成分的研究——Ⅷ.2,3-丁二醇单葡萄糖甙的分离和结构

From the ethanol extract of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai , a giucoside ofaliphatic diol and three other glucosides were isolated. Based on chemical and spectroscopic analysis,the structures have been elucidated as 2-β-D- glucosyl-3- methylpropanol (Ⅷ), syringin (Ⅸ),eleatheroside E(Ⅹ) and syringenin-4'-O-D-apiosylglucoside (Ⅺ). Ⅷ is a new glucoside of aliphaticdiol and named 3-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-butanol-2. Three other compounds (Ⅸ～-Ⅺ) were foundfor the first time in this plant.