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31.
Diet and epigenetics in colon cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated indicating that apart from genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations, through e.g. aberrant promoter methylation, play a major role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Even in the hereditary colon cancer syndromes, in which the susceptibility is inherited dominantly, cancer develops only as the result of the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Diet can both prevent and induce colon carcinogenesis, for instance, through epigenetic changes, which regulate the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. Food-derived compounds are constantly present in the intestine and may shift cellular balance toward harmful outcomes, such as increased susceptibility to mutations. There is strong evidence that a major component of cancer risk may involve epigenetic changes in normal cells that increase the probability of cancer after genetic mutation. The recognition of epigenetic changes as a driving force in colorectal neoplasia would open new areas of research in disease epidemiology, risk assessment, and treatment, especially in mutation carriers who already have an inherited predisposition to cancer. 相似文献
32.
Age-incidence relationships are informative of carcinogenic mechanisms. These have been previously assessed for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but not for adenocarcinoma. The aim was to assess by means of age-, period- and cohort- specific analyses and Poisson regression modelling whether the two types of cervical cancer show an age-incidence maximum at a relatively young age, as shown in cross-sectional analyses. The Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse age-incidence relationships in cervical SCC and adenocarcinoma diagnosed in years 1958–1996, including a total of 15,118 and 1866 cases, respectively. Area of residence and socio-economic status were included in analyses because they were risk factors of cervical cancer. The analysis of cervical SCC confirmed an incidence maximum at ages 35–39 years. The data for adenocarcinoma also suggested a similar early age maximum but the curves differed extensively by birth cohort. The incidence of adenocarcinoma increased substantially at young age groups towards the end of follow-up. Endometrial adenocarcinoma and vaginal and vulvar SCC, which share some risk factors with cervical cancer, did not show an early age incidence maximum. The results also showed that there was a decrease in the incidence of cervical SCC around year 1960, almost 10 years before the organized population screening, probably due to introduced opportunistic pap testing. The benefits of the organized screening were observed as a further decline in the incidence rates. The unique age-incidence relationships in cervical cancer call for biological explanations. 相似文献
33.
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35.
Smoking and the occurrence of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions: multivariate analysis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A multivariate analysis was carried out with retrospective data on the effects of tobacco smoking on congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions. Congenital malformations were collected from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformation. Tens of possible confounding variables, including maternal and family characteristics, obstetric history, medicine taking, and diseases during the pregnancy, were taken into consideration. In the final analysis 13 confounders were controlled. The odds ratios for the smoker's child to be born with central nervous system, oral cleft, or musculoskeletal malformations were 1.25, 1.25, and 0.75, respectively. All the differences were statistically nonsignificant. The effect of smoking on spontaneous abortions was analyzed by means of a questionnaire study on hospital personnel. The smokers of over 10 cigarettes per day had more spontaneous abortions than the nonsmokers, but the differences were not significantly statistically. The data were controlled for age, parity, and coffee and alcohol drinking. 相似文献
36.
Oikarinen S Heinonen SM Nurmi T Adlercreutz H Mutanen M 《European journal of nutrition》2005,44(5):273-280
Summary
Background & aim
The mammalian lignan enterolactone
(ENL) produced from plant
lignans, e. g. secoisolariciresinol
diglycoside (SDG), may protect
against various cancers in humans.
The present work aims to evaluate
the effect of flaxseed on tumour
formation in multiple intestinal
neoplasia (Min) mice, a model for
colon tumorigenesis.
Design
Male
and female Min mice were fed either
with a non–fibre control diet
or the same diet supplemented
with 0.5 % (w/w) defatted flaxseed
meal. Conversion of SDG to the
mammalian lignans enterodiol
(END) and ENL in the gut, and
plasma ENL, were measured by
HPLC with coulometric electrode
array detector (CEAD) and timeresolved
fluoroimmunoassay, respectively.
Wild–type mice were
also fed with the experimental diets
in order to see whether lignan
metabolism is different in Min and
wild–type mice.
Results
The total
number of adenomas or their size
in the small intestine was not different
in the flaxseed and control
groups. The flaxseed group had a
tendency for a decreased number
of colon adenomas in both genders.
Gender and genotype based
differences were found in the intestinal
ENL levels. When compared
to Min females, Min males
in the flaxseed group had several
fold higher ENL levels in the
small intestine (Min males
125 ± 124.5 nmol/g vs. females
22.8 ± 16.0 nmol/g, P = 0.048) and
caecum (47.6 ± 31.6 nmol/g vs. females
14.5 ± 6.6 nmol/g, P = 0.001).
Presence of adenomas in the gut
influences the intestinal lignan metabolism.
Min mice had less intestinal
END and ENL as compared
with the wild–type mice (P < 0.05).
Mean plasma ENL increased 7–fold
during the flaxseed feeding
(7 nmol/L in control vs. 50 nmol/L
in flaxseed group) but no differences
between gender and genotype
were found. The plasma ENL
level did not correlate with adenoma
number in the small intestine
and colon.
Conclusion
The
number of intestinal adenomas in
the Min mouse model is not related
to ENL level in plasma nor is it associated
with the levels of intestinal
lignans. A gender difference in
ENL lignan metabolism was found
in the gut but not in the plasma. 相似文献
37.
Pajari AM Rajakangas J Päivärinta E Kosma VM Rafter J Mutanen M 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2003,106(5):653-660
Inulin, polydisperse beta (2-1) fructan, has been suggested to protect against colon carcinogenesis and is currently used in a number of food applications. However, the data regarding the role of inulin in intestinal carcinogenesis remains controversial since the results of our previous study suggested that inulin promotes intestinal tumor formation in Min mice, an animal model for intestinal cancer with a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor gene (Carcinogenesis 2000;21:1167-73). In our present study, we further examined the effects of inulin on intestinal tumor formation in Min mice by carefully analyzing beta-catenin expression and cellular localization at 3 different time points during the tumorigenic process. Min mice were fed a high-fat inulin-enriched (10% w/w) diet or the high-fat diet without any added fiber from the age of 6 weeks to the ages of 9, 12 or 15 weeks. The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number (by 20%) and especially the size (by 44%) of adenomas in the small intestine. At week 15, the promotion of tumor development was accompanied by an accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin in the adenoma tissue. In the normal appearing mucosa, levels of membrane beta-catenin and PCNA were reduced in the inulin-fed mice, possibly indicating impaired enterocyte migration. These data do not support the earlier suggestions on the cancer preventive effects of inulin and emphasize the need for further research and evaluation where health claims for inulin are concerned. 相似文献
38.
Leino-Arjas P Kaila-Kangas L Notkola V Ilmo K Mutanen P 《Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health》2002,28(5):304-313
OBJECTIVES: The variation in hospital admission rates was studied for back disorders by industry and occupational title among gainfully employed Finns. METHODS: Admissions to Finnish hospitals in 1996 among 25- to 64-year-olds, based on the Hospital Discharge Register, were linked with sociodemographic data from the 1995 population census for the following primary diagnoses [International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10)]: all back disorders (M40.0-54.9; N (individual patients) 7,253), lumbar intevertebral disc disorders (M51.0-M51.9, N = 3,863), and other common back disorders (ICD-10: M47.1-47.2, M47.8-47.9, M48.0, M54.1, M54.3-54.5, M54.8-54.9; N = 2,433), with the total occupationally active workforce (same age range and gender) as reference. Age-standardized hospitalization rate ratios (SRR) were calculated. RESULTS: The highest SRR values for hospitalization for any back disorder were found for fishing (SRR 195), "other" mining and carrying (SRR 168), and sewage and refuse disposal (SRR 152) among the men and water transport (SRR 158), wood product (SRR 149) and pulp, paper and paper product (SRR 145) manufacturing among the women. Computer activities (SRR 44) among the men and insurance and pension funding (SRR49) among the women had the lowest SRR values. The occupations reindeer breeders and herders (SRR 495), agricultural workers (SRR 232), and paper product workers (SRR 205) among the men and plastic product (SRR 233), laundry (SRR 224), and agricultural (SRR 219) workers among the women had the highest SRR values. The lowest SRR values were observed for upper white-collar employees in public administration [men (SRR 40) and women (SRR 61)]. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization rates for back disorders were high for several physically strenuous industries and occupations. 相似文献
39.
The object of the study was to describe socioeconomic and demographic determinants of inpatient hospital care for lumbar intervertebral disc disorders (LIDD) in Finland. Information from the 1996 Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was linked with the 1995 Population Census. Poisson regression analyses were made with the total and the gainfully employed workforce aged 20-64 y as reference. All 48 public and seven private acute care general hospitals treating LIDD patients in Finland. In the workforce, 4643 patients aged 20-64 y (3692 among the gainfully employed) were admitted to the hospital due to LIDD (ICD-10: M51.1-M51.9) in 1996. About one-half were treated surgically. The duration of unemployment in 1995 was inversely associated with hospitalisation for LIDD in 1996, allowing for age, sex, education and personal income (unemployed for 12 months vs 0 months: rate ratio 0.66; 95% CI 0.57-0.77). Among those employed for 12 months in 1995, the level of education was inversely associated with the hospital admission rate. The rate was also higher in manual occupations as compared with the upper white-collar employees. The associations were clearer among the medically than the surgically treated patients. Hospitalisation for back disorder was, however, less common in the lowest income group as compared with the highest (0.65; 0.57-0.77) allowing for education, occupational class, age and sex. Women were less often admitted to the hospital than men, allowing for the socioeconomic factors (0.83; 0.77-0.90). When indicated by education or occupation, low socioeconomic status was associated with a relatively high rate of inpatient hospital care for LIDD. When indicated by personal income, the situation was the reverse. Unemployment and female gender predicted a relatively low rate of hospitalisation. 相似文献
40.
Factors predictive of ischemic heart disease mortality in foundry workers exposed to carbon monoxide 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The potential predictors of ischemic heart disease mortality were studied for 931 male foundry workers in Finland who participated in a health examination in 1973. These workers were followed up to 1993 through registers and by using a questionnaire. In 1973, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of workers exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) were slightly higher than those of unexposed workers. The prevalence of angina pectoris showed a clear dose-response relation to CO exposure. Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings indicating past myocardial infarction or suggesting coronary artery disease as a function of smoking and/or CO exposure were not evident. In the 1987 follow-up, the rate ratio for ischemic heart disease mortality was estimated as 4.4 for CO-exposed smokers compared with unexposed nonsmokers. Ischemic heart disease mortality in 1973-1993 was analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazards model. The statistically significant predictors were age, pathologic ECG findings in 1973, regular CO exposure, and abundant alcohol drinking. Of the ECG findings, changes in Q or QS and ST-J or ST waves and in ventricular extrasystoles were statistically significant. The risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease was increased by working in iron foundries, by hypertension, and by smoking. 相似文献