地学与环境研究

对地学与环境科学研究之间的关系进行了描述,说明学习、掌握了地学的基本知识,才能控制和消除环境污染,改善环境质量,维护经济活动的物质基础与生态平衡.     

雌二醇对去势前列腺癌患者LH脉冲分泌的抑制作用

３例前列腺癌施行双侧睾丸节除术后２－１２周的患，每天肌注苯甲酸雌二醇１ｍｇ，ｄ。治疗前后分别每１０ｍｉｎ采血一次，作７ｈ ＬＨ脉冲分析。结果表明，３例患平均血清ＬＨ水平分别由１７７．５８±３．２０，１３８．３０±５．８３和１４５．８８±３．８２ＩＵ／ＬＧＨＢＴＧＣ １７４．９０±７．６０，１３２．０２±５．７７和１４２．８０±３．６５ＩＵ／Ｌ（Ｐ均＜０．０１），但ＬＨ脉冲幅度和频率无明显变化（     

Pineal response after pyridoxine test in children

Summary To characterize the pineal response to pyridoxine, plasma melatonin was measured in one hundred and twenty children 3 hours after vitamin B₆ administration. The children, aged between 1.5 and 8 years, were divided in four groups as follows: a) control day group, grouping 27 children sampled at 9:00 and at 12:00; b) control night group, grouping 29 children sampled at 21:00 and at 24:00; c) pyridoxine day group, grouping 30 children sampled at 9:00, then intravenously (i.v.) injected with 3mg/kg of pyridoxine, and sampled at 12:00; and d) pyridoxine night group, grouping 34 children sampled at 21:00, i.v. injected with 3mg/kg of pyridoxine, and sampled at 24:00. Melatonin concentration was measured by radioimmuno assay. The data obtained showed a significant increase in melatonin levels after pyridoxine administration in the pyridoxine night group (39.87 ± 8.02pg/ml basal vs 88.45 ± 9.21 pg/ml after pyridoxine, p < 0.001). The other groups did not showed significant differences in melatonin concentrations. Statistical analysis shows that the administration of pyridoxine during the nocturnal hours represents a stimulating factor to increase the pineal production of melatonin in children.     

Laparoscopic findings in serosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Report of two cases

This report describes the laparoscopic features of two patients with serosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis. In one case only hyperemia of the peritoneal serosa was found. In the other the laparoscopic picture resembled peritoneal carcinomatosis. We show that laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy may permit diagnosis of the disease without the need for laparotomy.     

Quantitation of protein adducts as a marker of genotoxic exposure: immunologic detection of benzo(a)pyrene -- globin adducts in mice

Immunologic methods have been developed for the determinationof benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-protein adducts and validated in animalstreated with (³H)BP. A previously developed antibody, 8E11,which recongnizes 7ß, 8-dihydroxy-9, 10-epoxy-7, 8,9, 10tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE-I)-modified DNA or proteinas well as BPDE-I- tetraols, was used. The sensitivity of theassay was increased by enzymatic digestion of the modified proteinwith insoluble protease into peptides and amino acids beforeanalysis. In a competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with digested BPDE-I-modified bovine serum albumin,50% inhibition occured at 400 fmol of adduct compared to 1450fmol for the nondigested albumin. Analysis of globin (Gb) isolatedfrom animals treated in vivo with 0.3–3 mg (³H)BP indicatedthat the ELISA could detect 90–100% of the adducts determinedby radioactivity. Levels of adducts in lung and liver DNA andserum albumin were correlated with the levels of Gb adducts.Of the total radioactivity associated with hemoglobin, only10% was from Gb while {small tilde}80% was from the heme fractionand the remainder from free BP metabolites. Significant cross-reactivityof antibody 8E11 was found with several BP-diols and phenols,suggesting that the immunoassay will not only be specific forBPDE-I adducts but will also detect adducts of other BP metabolitesas well as other aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides. An immunoaffinitycolumn of antibody 8E11 coupled to Sepharose 4B was used toisolate modified peptides from the digested Gb. About 65% ofthe applied radioactivity was retained on the column. Between1 and 2 mg of non-modified digested Gb could be added to thesample without interfering with binding of adducts. Proteindigestion and immunoaffinity chromatography should be usefulfor the measurement of protein adducts in biomonitoring studies.     

Stomatitis from dentures: etiopathological and therapeutic considerations

Infection of the oral mucous membrane is frequent in patients with removable prostheses, either totally of partially, and particularly when the prostheses is palatal. The principal etiological factor causing the infection is accepted to be "Candidas" aided by the presence of plaque bacteria (in patients with poor oral hygiene care), and a poor fit of the prostheses to the soft tissues. Treatment of the infection must proceed in the following order: a) use of effective medication against oral fungus such as Nystatin or Ketoconazole. b) Meticulous oral hygiene care in the mucous membrane as well as in the prostheses, but using the prostheses as little as possible during the treatment period. c) A total cure of the infection (denture stomatitis) before proceeding to the next phase of the treatment. d) Determination of the adjustment and occlusion of the prostheses in order to determine those areas of the prostheses which need to be refilled because of maladjustment of the prostheses to the soft tissues of the patient.     

Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in the brain of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis

The localization of catecholamines in the brain of the Senegalese sole was determined by immunohistochemical techniques using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Although the general pattern of distribution of catecholamines is consistent with that reported in other teleosts, some remarkable differences are observed. The most rostral tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells were identified in the olfactory bulbs, in which a clear asymmetry in the number and location of TH-ir perikarya and fibers was observed. The number of TH-ir cells is manifestly higher in the right olfactory bulb, especially in the internal cell layer. TH-ir fibers are also much more abundant in the right bulb, principally in the glomerular and internal cell layers. Other TH-ir cell masses were identified in the ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, caudoventral hypothalamus, posterior tuberculum, synencephalon, isthmic region and rhombencephalon. Surprisingly, no ir cell bodies were identified in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus, which exhibits a large number of TH-ir cells in other teleosts. The presence of TH-ir fibers in the brain of sole is particularly evident within and around the nuclei in which immunoreactive cells are found. However, other zones such as the dorsal telencephalon, posterior commissure, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, reticular formation or inferior olive also displayed TH-ir fibers. TH-ir axons also enter the infundibulum, reaching the proximal pars distalis of the adenohypophysis. The distribution of TH-ir cells and fibers is compared with that observed in other teleosts and is discussed in a comparative context.     

Immunity in HIV-1-Infected Adults with a Previous State of Moderate-Severe Immune-Suppression and More Than 500 CD4+ T Cell After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

We evaluated phenotypic and functional parameters of immune restoration of 27 HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (HIV-cases) with HIV-RNA levels below detectable limits at least during 18 months, and CD4+ cell per microliter higher than 500 at the moment of the study and lower than 300 anytime before. These patients were compared with 11 HIV-controls that never had less than 500 CD4+ cell per microliter and 20 healthy-controls (HIV seronegative subjects) in a cross-sectional study. HIV-cases had lower counts of naïve CD4+ than HIV-controls and healthy-controls. HIV-patients (both HIV-cases and HIV-controls) showed higher values of naïve and memory CD8+ counts than healthy-controls. TREC-bearing cell levels were significantly lower in HIV-cases than in healthy-controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures, HIV-cases had lower values in proliferation to streptokinase (SK) and tetanus toxin (TT) than in healthy-controls. HIV-cases had lower IFN-γ and higher IL-5 production with pokeweed than healthy-controls (P < 0.01). However, IL-5 production of HIV-cases after TT stimulation was lower than in HIV-controls and healthy-controls. Total IgG and IgG1 levels were significantly higher in HIV-cases than in HIV-controls and healthy-controls. Also, IgM levels were significantly higher in HIV-cases than in healthy-controls. Nevertheless, IgG2 levels were significantly lower in HIV-cases and HIV-controls than in healthy-controls. The levels of specific Igs antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and TT were significantly lower in HIV-cases than in healthy-controls. HIV-patients with a previous state of severe-moderate immunosuppression normalizing their CD4+ counts have a incomplete immune reconstitution after HAART. Long-term consequences of this subclinical immune deficiency remain to be determined.