金菊花乙酸乙酯提取物对大鼠实验性肝损伤的影响

目的：观察金菊花乙酸乙酯提取物（EAEDM）对肝损害的防护作用,方法：建立大鼠急性乙醇中毒肝损害模型,通过大鼠灌胃EAEDM,以对照组对照,测定血清过氧化脂质（MDA）,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）,血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和血清谷草转氨酶（AST）的含量,结果：EAEDM能降低MDA,ALT和AST的活性,减少肝脏MDA的生成,增加GSH－PX的活性,结论：EAEDM对肝损伤具有防护作用。     

SARS患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群变化及其临床意义

目的 了解SARS患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化规律及其临床意义。方法 采用免疫细胞化学方法对12例临床确诊SARS患者和20例健康献血员外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行检测。结果12例患者外周血CD~ 、CD_4~ 和CD_8~ 细胞的百分率均较对照组明显降低(P值均<0.05),其中CD_4~ 细胞下降幅度最大;CD_4~ 细胞减少与淋巴细胞降低的关联性最明显(r=0.679,P<0.05)。结论 SARS患者细胞免疫功能存在明显损伤,临床应用糖皮质激素宜严格掌握指征。     

Predictors of failure to return for HIV test results among pregnant women in Moshi, Tanzania

Identification of HIV-infected women is a prerequisite in HIV perinatal prevention programs. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of failure to return for HIV posttest results among pregnant women (N=2654) receiving antenatal care at primary health clinics in Moshi urban district, Tanzania. Consenting pregnant women, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy, received individual pretest counseling, followed by interview and screening for HIV. Posttest counseling and results were given after 1 week. A total of 182 (7%) failed to return for their HIV test results. Women were less likely to return for test results if their partners did not come for testing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 12.6; 95% CI, 3.1-51.4), if their partners consumed alcohol (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.7), and if they had never discussed reproductive health matters with their partners (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7). Additionally, the site of recruitment, age, alcohol consumption, and advanced gestation age predicted failure to return for HIV test results. These results indicate that male partner factors were important in determining whether women returned for results. We therefore recommend promotion of antenatal couple counseling and strengthening of community awareness of the availability of perinatal interventions, with special efforts targeting men. Furthermore, the predictors for failure to collect test-results need to be addressed during pretest counseling.     

小儿烧伤输液中应用套管针37例

1 临床资料 2003-10/2004-07收治小儿烧伤37例,年龄1月龄-8岁.使用套管针静脉输液.选择粗直、有弹性、无静脉瓣易于固定的血管.常用上肢静脉有掌静脉、头静脉、前臂内侧静脉及重要静脉,下肢常用足背静脉弓及大隐静脉,头皮静脉常选用额正中静脉、颞浅静脉及耳后静脉、额角分支等较粗直的血管.促使血管充盈,以提高穿刺的成功率.     

Cervical dyskaryosis among women with and without HIV: prevalence and risk factors

Women in developing countries often present for medical care with advanced cervical cancer, although this condition is preventable through regular screening and early treatment. This study sought to identify the prevalence and risk factors for cervical dyskaryosis among women in Zimbabwe with and without HIV. In a cross-sectional study, 200 consenting women were screened for cervical dyskaryosis and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The relationship between various risk factors for cervical dyskaryosis was examined. The overall prevalence of cervical dyskaryosis was high (19%), and significantly higher among HIV-infected women at 30% compared with 13% among seronegative women, with a peak at a younger age among seropositive women. Use of intravaginal herbs, practising intravaginal cleansing, being single, a history of three or more lifetime sexual partners and a history of previous STI were associated with cervical dysplasia. The high frequency of cervical abnormality lends weight to the demand for implementation of regular screening programmes and health education.     

Reproductive tract infections and the risk of HIV among women in Moshi,Tanzania

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of HIV and reproductive tract infections (RTIs); to compare the occurrence of RTIs among HIV-infected and non-infected women; and to assess the association of HIV with RTIs and behavioral factors among women aged 15-49 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in late 1999 among 382 consenting women attending three primary healthcare clinics. They were interviewed and screened for HIV-1 and RTIs. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV-1 was 11.5%. Sixty-four percent of the women had one ongoing treatable RTI. Endogenous and sexually transmitted RTIs were higher in HIV-positive than negative women and 84% of the HIV seropositive women were co-infected with one treatable RTI. HIV was significantly associated with cervicitis (chlamydial or gonococcal) [OR = 3.2 (CI 1.1-13.2)], HSV-2 [OR = 2.6 (CI 1.3-5.1)], bacterial vaginosis [OR = 1.9 (CI 1.1-4.1)], genital warts [OR = 4.8 (CI 1.1-22.2)], and presence of vaginal discharge [OR = 2.7 (CI 1.3-5.2)]. Having more than one lifetime sexual partner, a history of infant mortality or a partner who had other wives or resided away from home > 6 months, were risk factors for HIV infection. CONCLUSION: HIV-1 and RTIs are a major public health problem among women in this population. Integration of routine screening and treatment of RTIs in the reproductive health clinics will be an important strategy to combat HIV in the area. Further, innovative behavior interventions targeting both men and women, preferably as couples are needed.     

Trial of pyrethroid impregnated bednets in an area of Tanzania holoendemic for malaria. Part 4. Effects on incidence of malaria infection.

Groups of about 30 children in each of five villages were given pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine to clear their malaria parasitaemia, and they were followed up with fortnightly blood slides. Parasitaemia returned rapidly in the absence of vector control, but more slowly when pyrethroid impregnated nets were in use or the houses had been sprayed with DDT. Variation between the incidence of malaria infection in these cases seemed to depend more on ecological or social factors than on the particular form of vector control adopted.