HIV,highly active antiretroviral therapy and the heart: a cellular to epidemiological review

The advent of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for persons infected with HIV‐1 has led to a “new” chronic disease with complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection. In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD. This review summarizes: (1) the vascular and nonvascular cardiac manifestations of HIV infection; (2) cardiometabolic effects of HAART; (3) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment, prevention and treatment in persons with HIV‐1 infection.     

新等位基因HLA-B*4060的认定

应用PCR—SSO基因分型技术发现可能的HLA新等位基因，对PCR产物进行测序及克隆测序，确认与最同源HLA等位基因序列的差异。发现一个样本的HLA—B位点结果异常，其核苷酸序列与已知所有HLA—B位点等位基因序列均不一致，与同源性最高的等位基因B＊400102在第三外显子区域有7个碱基的差异。判断该等位基因为HLA-B位点的一个新等位基因，于2005年7月被WHOHLA因子命名委员会正式命名为HLA-B＊4060。     

Does delay in diagnosing colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients affect tumor stage and survival? A population-based observational study

Background  

Diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) at an early stage improves survival. To what extent any delay affects outcome once patients are symptomatic is still unclear.     

Availability, preference, and consumption of indigenous forest foods in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania

We investigated the availability, preference, and consumption of indigenous forest foods in Uluguru North (UNM) and West Usambara Mountains (WUM) of Tanzania. Data collection techniques involved focus group discussion, structured questionnaires, and botanical identification. Results revealed (1) there were 114 indigenous forest food plant species representing 57 families used by communities living adjacent to the two mountains; (2) sixty-seven species supplied edible fruits, nuts and seeds: 24 and 14 species came from WUM and UNM, respectively, while 29 came from both study areas; (3) of the 57 identified vegetable species, 22 were found in WUM only, 13 in UNM only, and 12 in both areas; (4) there were three species of edible mushrooms and five species of roots and tubers; (5) unlike the indigenous roots and tubers, the preference and consumption of indigenous vegetables, nuts, and seeds/oils was higher than exotic species in both study areas; and (6) UNM had more indigenous fruits compared to WUM, although preference and consumption was higher in WUM. We recommend increased research attention on forest foods to quantify their contribution to household food security and ensure their sustainability.     

经乙状窦后入路CPA区内窥镜解剖学观察

目的通过神经内窥镜下桥小脑角区的解剖,为内窥镜辅助下该区域病变的手术治疗提供了解剖学依据,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法在15具福尔马林固定的成人尸头标本和1具新鲜成人尸头标本上进行桥小脑角区的窥镜解剖学研究,在窥镜下分区并测量有关数据。结果内窥镜能清晰地显示颅神经及其附近的血管,桥小脑角区从头侧至尾侧被血管神经束分为三个间隙：间隙Ⅰ、间隙Ⅱ、间隙Ⅲ,其中间隙Ⅰ又分为ⅠaⅠb亚间隙(Subspace),间隙Ⅰ、间隙Ⅱ是内窥镜主要的观察通道。结论神经内窥镜可明显改善深部术野的照明效果和显微解剖结构的识别,对显微外科手术起重要的辅助作用。     

表皮生长因子含量表达与骨折愈合的关系

目的:观察骨折后表皮生长因子含量表达的变化,分析表皮生长因子浓度变化与骨折愈合之间的关系。方法:实验于2003-10在山东大学齐鲁医院动物实验室完成。选用成年雄性家兔30只,以随机数字表法分成骨折固定组、骨折组、创伤组,各10只。骨折固定组制作左第一跖骨骨折模型,然后用管型石膏将左下肢固定;骨折组造模后不给予任何固定;创伤组仅用止血钳在家兔左大腿的中部钳夹1次。在造模前、造模后24,48,96h,2,4周,分别采静脉血,采用放射免疫分析法对家兔血清表皮生长因子浓度进行测定,进行组间、组内对照,观察骨折对家兔血清表皮生长因子浓度变化的影响。并通过X射线检测骨折愈合的情况,对家兔血清表皮生长因子浓度升高是否影响骨折愈合的速度进行评估。结果:所有30只实验动物均纳入实验动物数量分析,无脱失。①骨折固定组与骨折组骨折后24h血清表皮生长因子浓度开始升高[(45.98±3.36),(43.64±3.11)μg/L];到48h达到高峰[(51.02±3.11),(49.31±2.94)μg/L];96h已开始下降[(47.18±5.08),(45.41±4.73)μg/L];2～4周可维持较正常稍高水平[(43.50±3.78),(39.15±4.20)μg/L];4周时接近正常值[(42.26±3.14),(37.64±3.93)μg/L]。②骨折后24,48,96h骨折固定组、骨折组与创伤组家兔血清表皮生长因子浓度差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);此间骨折固定组和骨折组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③X射线检查结果,4周时骨折固定组愈合5例;骨折组愈合2例。6周时骨折固定组愈合8例;骨折组愈合5例。结论:骨折可导致家兔血清表皮生长因子浓度的升高,高表皮生长因子浓度可能有利于骨折的愈合。     

基因治疗与心力衰竭

目的:探讨基因治疗方案的有效性和安全性。资料来源:应用计算机检索PUBMED1980-01/2006-10和EMCC 1994-10/2006-10与心力衰竭的基因治疗相关文章,检索词“Gen Therapy,Heart Failure”,并限定文章语言种类为“English”;同时计算机检索CMCC 1994-01/2006-10的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“基因治疗、心力衰竭”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取试验包括上述治疗组和对照组的文献,然后筛除明显不随机临床试验的研究,对剩余的文献开始查找全文,进一步判断是否为RCT。纳入标准为:①试验包含平行对照组,即一般药物治疗。②治疗组为转基因治疗。资料提炼:共收集到49篇相关的随机和未随机试验,31个试验符合纳入标准。其余的排除。资料综合:31个试验包括478例动物模型,分别对应用不同靶点的转基因或基因敲除等方案进行治疗者予以评价。31篇文章中有10篇未达到预期的治疗目标,主要是在目的基因的选择及转染载体的选择方面出现了偏差。结论:虽动物试验取得了一定的成果,但尚无人体基因治疗的文献报道,随着基因技术的进步,基因治疗有望成为治疗心力衰竭的新途径。