薄层扫描法测定黄芪生脉颗粒中黄芪甲甙含量

目的：制订黄芪生脉颗粒中黄芪甲甙含量测定方法。方法：双波长薄层扫描法，经乙酰洗涤、正丁醇提取和Ｄ１０１大乳吸附树脂柱层析法制备样品，以氯仿－甲醇－水（１３：７：２）下层液为展开剂，检测波长为５１０ｎｍ，参比波长为７００ｎｍ。结果：加标回收率平均为９８．７％（ＲＳＤ＝２．０％，ｎ＝６），标准曲线ｒ＝０．９９６６，重复性ＲＳＤ＝１．４％（ｎ＝５），精密度ＲＳＤ＝２．０％（ｎ＝６）。结论：方法稳定、可靠     

A STD/HIV prevention trial among adolescents in managed care

OBJECTIVE: To determine if sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, risk assessment, and education tools provided as part of office-based primary care reduce adolescent risky sexual behaviors. DESIGN: A randomized intervention trial with 3- and 9-month follow-up. SETTING: Five staff-model managed care sites in Washington, DC (n = 19 pediatricians). PATIENTS: Consecutive 12- to 15-year-olds receiving a general health examination; 81% minority. Participation rate = 215/432 (50%). Nine-month follow-up rate = 197/215 (92%). INTERVENTION: Audiotaped STD risk assessment and education about staying safe (safer = condoms, safest = abstinence). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adolescent-reported sexual intercourse and condom use. RESULTS: More intervention adolescents reported pediatrician discussion on 11/13 sexual topics. Although more vaginal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-5.84) was reported in the intervention group at 3 months, this was not true of overall sexual intercourse (OR = 1.55, 95% CI =.73-3.32). More sexually active adolescents reported condom use in the intervention group at 3 months (OR = 18.05, 95% CI = 1.27-256.03). At 9 months, there were no group differences in sexual behaviors; however, more signs of STD were reported by the control (7/103) than the intervention group (0/94). CONCLUSIONS: STD risk assessment and education tools administered in a single office visit facilitated STD/HIV prevention education. Any impact on sexual activity and condom use was short-lived. Further research is needed to develop brief, office-based sexual risk reduction for young adolescents.     

Negative charge distribution and density on the surface of oxygenated normal and sickle red cells

Negative charges on the external surface of red cells were visualized by colloidal iron hydroxide labelling of 50% of the membrane area after osmotic hemolysis and glutaraldehyde fixation. Counts were made over randomly selected areas on electron micrographs at 350,000 x magnification. Statistical analyses showed that at the 95% level of confidence there was no significant difference between oxygenated normal (AA) and sickle (SS) cells in either the distribution or the density of negative charges.     

新型缩氨基硫脲衍生物——氨基巯三唑Schiff碱的合成与抗菌活性

设计合成了新型缩氨基硫脲衍生物4-氨基-3-(呋喃-2)-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑及其十种不同醛的Schiff碱衍生物,并进行了抑菌实验。结果表明:Schiff碱化合物结构中的甲亚胺基是该类化合物的活性功能基。苯环上更换不同的取代基对其活性有一定的影响,其中化合物4-(5-硝基亚糠基氨基)-3-(呋喃-2)-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(Ik)抗菌活性最高且抗菌谱最广;化合物4-亚水杨基氨基-3-(呋喃-2)-5-巯基-1,2,4-三唑(Ib)具有较强的抑霉活性。     

Rotator cuff lesions of the shoulder: evaluation by direct sagittal CT arthrography

Direct sagittal computed tomographic scanning (DSCT) of the shoulder was performed in 42 symptomatic patients, six healthy volunteers, and two cadaver shoulders. Axial CT scanning and double-contrast arthrography with plain radiographs were performed in 41 patients for comparison. DSCT enabled correct identification of 27 of 29 lesions in 24 patients. Seventeen patients had normal shoulders. Axial CT scanning and DSCT together enabled correct identification of all lesions and were markedly superior to plain-film arthrography. DSCT enabled diagnosis of all cases of complete rotator cuff tear plus three cases of incomplete tear and three of rotator cuff atrophy not identified by the other techniques. Axial CT scanning was better than DSCT for diagnosis of Bankart lesions.     

Lumbar iohexol myelography and diagnostic lumbar puncture. Headache and associated side effects in relation to neurological signs and diagnosis, previous mental symptoms and pain history

Various possible risk factors for postlumbar puncture (and postiohexol-myelographic) headache and associated side effects were analysed. Headache and nausea occurred significantly more often in patients without clinical findings than in those with findings. We found significantly different incidences of severe headache and nausea between diagnostic subgroups after a lumbar puncture. The greatest headache incidence was found in patients without a definite neurological diagnosis, while nausea occurred most frequently in patients with various painful disorders. Following iohexol myelography, nausea occurred most often in patients who had a history of previous mental symptoms and in patients with a history of previous headache disorders. Mental symptoms were more frequently reported in patients who also had experienced mental symptoms previously. The relationship between side effects and negative clinical findings was stronger than the relationship between side effects and previous mental symptoms.     

核、膜蛋白的基因能抑制禽类流感病毒及其重组株的繁殖

对人流感病毒A/Udorn/72(H_3N_2)株与禽类流感病毒A/Mallard/NY/78/(H_2N_2)重组后的重组株分析表明,仅含禽类病毒的核蛋白(NP)或膜蛋白(M)的RNA片段的重组株,在松鼠猴的呼吸道繁殖是受限制的。另外。仅有禽类的RNAl和NS基因的重组株(Clone 12)在松鼠猴的气管内的繁殖也明显受限制,而只具有其中一个基因的Clone 9, Clone 2, 则限制就不明显。由此表明,禽类流感病毒的NP和M基因在宿主范围的繁殖限制中起主要作用,而RNAI和SN基因的结合,同样起着繁殖受限制作用。     

普通男大学生关节相对峰力矩与蹲跳高度的关联分析

目的:分析普通男大学生髋、膝、踝、肩、肘各关节相对峰力矩与蹲跳高度的相关性。方法:实验于2004-11/2005-01在河北省体科所完成。①实验对象:随机抽取河北省某大学普通男生30名,年龄(21.8±0.8)岁,身高(170.67±5.48)cm,体质量(65.70±7.99)kg,测试前均从未进行过专门的肌肉力量训练,优势上、下肢均为右侧。②实验方法:从站立开始加摆臂的反向蹲跳,要求受试者上体尽可能保持前后方向稳定,从站立位开始下蹲时上肢向下加速摆臂,并迅速向上蹬伸起跳。从站立开始不加摆臂的反向蹲跳,是排除上肢对蹲跳高度的影响。从半蹲开始加摆臂的无反向蹲跳,要求半蹲的角度控制在105°,静止状态下半蹲预备后,直接进入向上的蹬伸起跳过程,不能出现在起动瞬间身体重心先小幅下移再向上的情况。每种动作做3次,每次间隔10min。③实验评估:通过爱捷图像解析系统得出蹲跳高度,取成绩最好的一次采用Biodex Ⅱ型等速测力及康复系统检测受试者各关节肌力相对峰力矩。利用多因素优势分析法得出在慢速[60(°、快速[240(°)/s])/s]状态下,髋、膝、踝、肩、肘关节相对峰力矩与蹲跳高度的相关性。结果:①从站立开始加摆臂的反向蹲跳高度与各关节相对峰力矩的关系:在慢速状态时与髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩、踝关节背屈肌相对峰力矩、膝关节伸肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(r=0.808,0.692,0.656),在快速状态时与肘关节屈肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(r=0.770)。②从站立开始不加摆臂的反向蹲跳高度与各关节相对峰力矩的关系:在慢速状态时与踝关节背屈肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(=0.747),在快速状态时与膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(r=0.796)。③从半蹲开始加摆臂的无反向蹲跳高r度与各关节相对峰力矩的关系:从半蹲开始加摆臂的无反向蹲跳高度,在慢速状态时与髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩、踝关节背屈肌相对峰力矩、膝关节伸肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(r=0.774,0.762,0.712),在快速状态时与肘关节屈肌相对峰力矩呈明显相关(r=0.843)。结论:①加摆臂的反向与无反向蹲跳,髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩、肘关节屈肌相对峰力矩分别是慢速、快速状态下影响其高度的首要因素。②不加摆臂的反向蹲跳,踝关节背屈肌相对峰力矩、髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩分别是慢速、快速状态下影响其高度的首要因素。③提示发展上肢肌肉力量对蹲跳高度的提高大有益处。