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61.
Dennis L. Molfese Victoria J. Molfese Alexandra Fonaryova Key Spencer D. Kelly 《Developmental neuropsychology》2003,24(2):541-558
Event-related potentials (ERPs) from 134 children were obtained at 3 and 8 years of age and recorded to a series of consonant-vowel speech syllables and their nonspeech analogues. The HOME inventory was administered to these same children at 3 and 8 years of age and the sample was divided into 2 groups (low vs. high) based on their HOME scores. Discriminant functions analyses using ERP responses to speech and non-speech analogues successfully classified HOME scores obtained at 3 and 8 years of age and discriminated between children who received low vs. high levels of stimulation for language and reading. 相似文献
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Naysmith TE; Blake DA; Harvey VJ; Johnson NP 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3250-3255
This study was designed to assess the effect of cancer treatments on the
natural and assisted reproductive potential of men. A cohort of men with
cancer, in whom radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was planned, were invited
to participate. Twenty-two pre- and post-treatment semen samples were
analysed. The reproductive potential of participants was assessed with
respect to the current range of fertility treatment options available.
Abnormal sperm concentrations were found in 27% of patients pre-treatment
compared to 68% post-treatment following a mean latency of 20 months from
treatment. Fifty-nine percent of patients experienced a clinically
significant decrease in sperm, concentration following radiotherapy and/or
chemotherapy; 23% developed azoospermia following treatment. Eighty-two
percent of patients with testicular malignancy had oligo- or azoospermia
post-treatment. Only one patient had a clinically significant reduction in
the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-treatment. Cryopreservation of
semen prior to treatment improved the fertility prospects of 55% of
patients. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) enhanced the fertility
prospects of a further 14%. In the absence of, or after depletion of,
cryopreserved semen, ICSI could enhance the fertility prospects of 45% of
patients. Fertilization has been achieved by ICSI using spermatozoa
retrieved by testicular biopsy from an azoospermic testicular cancer
survivor 8 years after chemotherapy. It was concluded that chemotherapy
and/or radiotherapy may depress semen concentration to the extent of
rendering a man infertile. The severity of the reduction in sperm
concentration following treatment is unpredictable but likely to be most
severe in those with testicular malignancy and those treated with
radiotherapy or alkylating chemotherapy agents. Not all men are keen to
undergo an appraisal of their post-treatment fertility potential, for
reasons which are unclear. Improving awareness and education of patients
concerning the effects of both cancer and cancer treatments on reproductive
potential is essential. With the advent of ICSI, it is possible to offer a
very reasonable chance of conception in all men with cancer who present for
cryopreservation of semen prior to treatment in whom spermatozoa (even in
very low concentrations) are present in the ejaculate.
相似文献
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Oxygen-derived free radicals and postischemic myocardial reperfusion: therapeutic implications 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disease states, including myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. In this article, we review 1) the evidence linking free radical production and myocardial injury during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and 2) results of studies of the effects of the pharmacological therapies available potentially to prevent free radical-mediated injury. Free radicals can be produced during ischemia and reperfusion by several different biochemical pathways. Of these, the xanthine oxidase reaction and the output of free radicals by neutrophils that have accumulated in damaged tissue have been studied extensively. When produced, free radicals can potentially damage myocytes or endothelial cells through peroxidation of membrane lipids or damage to proteins or nucleic acids. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, several studies have shown a 'burst' of oxygen free radicals immediately after reperfusion. Moreover, exogenous generation of intravascular free radicals has been shown to produce marked vascular and myocyte damage, as well as contractile dysfunction. 'Anti-free radical' interventions, such as xanthine oxidase inhibitors and free radical scavengers have been reported to prevent contractile dysfunction and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias after an episode of reversible ischemic injury. However, after more severe episodes of ischemia, such interventions have had conflicting effects on myocardial infarct size. 'Anti-free radical' interventions could be of potential use in situations where reversible ischemic injury occurs. In situations where reperfusion is achieved after irreversible ischemic injury has occurred, the potential beneficial effect of these treatments on infarct size is more doubtful. 相似文献
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Intravascular signal from flowing blood is frequently observed on magnetic resonance (MR) images and may be indistinguishable from partial or complete vascular occlusion caused by thrombus or tumor. With a phase-display reconstruction method, qualitative assessment of large-vessel patency within the abdomen was undertaken in 15 healthy subjects and 12 patients with angiographically or surgically documented intravascular thrombus or tumor. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were available in all patients for correlation. MR studies were performed with a multisection spin-echo pulse sequence and two-dimensional Fourier transform spatial encoding. Data acquired from a single sequence was reconstituted in two ways to provide both routine anatomic images and a pictorial representation of large-vessel flow on a phase-sensitive image. With this method, reliable and easy differentiation of intraluminal thrombus and tumor from blood flow signal within large vessels was achieved. Information from these phase-display images compared favorably with findings from angiography and contrast-enhanced CT in the determination of luminal patency and obstruction. 相似文献
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