中国部分市县前列腺癌发病趋势比较研究

目的 探讨中国大陆前列腺癌发病的流行病学特征.方法收集整理中国大陆30个肿瘤登记处1988-2002年15年间前列腺癌发病登记的数据资料,选取数据较为齐全的北京、天津、上海、武汉、哈尔滨、河北磁县、江苏肩东、浙江嘉善、广西扶绥、福建长乐、河南林州11个登记处的资料,按5年1个时段分为1988-1992、1993-1997、1998-2002年3个时间段,比较分析前列腺癌发病率、病死率,采用美国癌症研究所开发的统计软件Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1分析其流行趋势.通过对发病率的对数转换线性回归分析计算年度变化百分比.结果 30个登记处1988-1992、1993-1997、1998-2002年前列腺癌的发病率分别为1.96/10万、3.09/10万、4.36/10万,发病率有明显上升趋势.但与美国、加拿大、欧洲部分国家和地区比仍处于较低水平.结论 我国前列腺癌发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,将成为影响我国居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一,需引起重视.     

中国部分市县前列腺癌发病趋势比较研究

目的 探讨中国大陆前列腺癌发病的流行病学特征.方法收集整理中国大陆30个肿瘤登记处1988-2002年15年间前列腺癌发病登记的数据资料,选取数据较为齐全的北京、天津、上海、武汉、哈尔滨、河北磁县、江苏肩东、浙江嘉善、广西扶绥、福建长乐、河南林州11个登记处的资料,按5年1个时段分为1988-1992、1993-1997、1998-2002年3个时间段,比较分析前列腺癌发病率、病死率,采用美国癌症研究所开发的统计软件Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1分析其流行趋势.通过对发病率的对数转换线性回归分析计算年度变化百分比.结果 30个登记处1988-1992、1993-1997、1998-2002年前列腺癌的发病率分别为1.96/10万、3.09/10万、4.36/10万,发病率有明显上升趋势.但与美国、加拿大、欧洲部分国家和地区比仍处于较低水平.结论 我国前列腺癌发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,将成为影响我国居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一,需引起重视.     

PTEN expression is down‐regulated in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by biliary stenosis

The gene phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) codes for a tumor‐suppressor phospholipid phosphatase. Deletion, mutation or abnormal expression of PTEN is commonly found in many kinds of malignant tumors. At the time of this study, though, the role of PTEN expression in the pathology of hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the dynamic expression of PTEN in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis, with special emphasis on the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vivo. The rat model of hepatic fibrosis used in this study employed common bile duct ligation. At four time points, the expression of PTEN in hepatic tissues and activated HSC in rat liver tissues was measured by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Further, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), an activated HSC marker in rat liver tissues, was detected by immunohistochemical staining. This study showed that aggravation of hepatic fibrosis led to gradually decreasing expression of PTEN in the hepatic tissues. Further, as hepatic fibrosis worsens, PTEN‐expressing activated HSC accounts for an increasingly smaller percentage of all activated HSC. In contrast, the percentage of α‐SMA‐expressing HSC cells increases significantly. In conclusion, expression of PTEN mRNA and protein is down‐regulated in fibrogenic rat liver tissue, and its expression in HSC in vivo also decreases with progression of fibrosis. Thus, these results show that the dynamic expression of PTEN in hepatic tissues negatively correlates with activation and proliferation of HSC.     

二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂在心脑肾疾病中的应用进展

钙离子拮抗剂（Ca^2＋ channel blocker，CCB）问世以来，因疗效确切而广泛应用于冠心病、高血压及心律失常等心血管疾病的治疗。但在过去的10年中，有汇总分析对CCB长期治疗高血压及冠心病的安全性提出质疑，提出CCB长期治疗可能会增加心血管的死亡，以及发生癌症及消化道出血的危险和诱发自杀的倾向^[1-3]。     

Homozygous feature of isolated triphalangeal thumb–preaxial polydactyly linked to 7q36: no phenotypic difference between homozygotes and heterozygotes

Preaxial polydactyly is a common limb malformation in humans with variable clinical expression. Different types of triphalangeal thumb-preaxial polydactyly phenotypes were mapped to the chromosome 7q36 region. We studied a large Turkish family of 69 individuals, of whom 22 individuals were affected. In all, 11 affected family members were clinically and radiologically evaluated. All affected individuals had a triphalangeal thumb and a preaxial (hypoplastic) extra digit bilaterally, with minimal intrafamilial variation. No feet involvement was observed. Linkage and haplotype analyses using 20 informative meioses confirmed the 7q36 region contained the LIMBR1 gene. Maximum logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores were obtained with DNA markers D7S550 and D7S2423. We have further identified a novel C to T alteration at position 4909 bp in the critical zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (ZRS) region, in the intron 5, of the LMBR1 gene. One affected male with homozygous status and no phenotypic difference from affected family members with heterozygous status represented the first homozygote case of the triphalangeal thumb-preaxial polydactyly phenotype.     

膀胱癌组织中P-GP170蛋白表达与化疗失败关系的研究

目的:探讨膀胱癌术后膀胱腔内化疗失败原因.方法:用免疫组织化学方法对膀胱癌手术切除的膀胱癌组织中MDR1基因产物P-GP17o糖蛋白含量进行检测.结果:初发膀胱癌组织中P-GP170的阳性表达率明显低于复发膀胱癌组织,并且膀胱癌病理分级高者P-GP170阳性表达率明显高于病理分级低者.结论:膀胱癌MDR1基因产物P-GP170的测定有助于术后化疗方案的制定及判断预后,膀胱组织中P-GP170的表达可能揭示了膀胱术后腔内化疗失败的机理.     

Vesica经皮膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的　介绍Ｖｅｓｉｃａ 经皮膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的手术方法。　方法　应用此术式治疗５ 例患者，通过特制器械将阴道前壁做Ｚ形悬吊，固定于耻骨，使悬吊有一稳定支持，悬吊面积宽阔，悬吊线张力固定。　结果　５ 例患者术后尿垫实验阴性。平均随诊２５ ．２ 个月，５ 例均无尿失禁。　结论　该术式临床效果满意，创伤小，恢复快，悬吊稳定可靠     

前列腺特异性抗原与前列腺结节增生病理类型的关系

目的 探讨前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）与前列腺结节增生病理类型的关系。方法 对210例经临床和病理确诊为良性前列腺增生（BPH）的患者资料作回顾性研究。结果 本组间质结节18例（9％）、腺肌性结节59例（28％）、纤维腺瘤性结节12例（6％）、腺性结节39例（19％）、混合结节82例（39％）。5组间总PSA（tPSA）、游离PSA（fPSA）差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而％fPSA差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。若按腺体增生为主和间质增生为主两类比较，tPSA和fPSA差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），％fPSA差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多元线性回归分析发现，tPSA是5种病理结节类型最相关的指标，通过ROC曲线（受试者工作曲线）确定敏感指标的界值tPSA≥2．5ng／ml，敏感性为96％，特异性为20％，ROC曲线下面积为0．61，如果组合fPSA≥0．5ng／ml和tPSA≥2．5ng／ml，敏感性为100％，特异性为67％，ROC曲线下面积为0．91（P〈0．001）。结论 组合tPSA与fPSA可提示前列腺结节增生病理类型，对临床药物选择具有指导意义。