静脉滴注尼莫地平治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

发病72h内的急性缺血性脑梗死60例,分为2组。尼莫地平组30例(男性21例,女性9例;年龄59±s10a)。wk1.2给支持疗法(脱水剂,维生素C等)和尼莫地平2mg/d于5％葡萄糖液500ml内静脉滴注。wk3.4改用扩容、改善微循环,细胞活性药。wkl-4口服尼莫地平60mg.qn。对照组30例(男性23例,女性7例;年龄58±9a)。不给尼莫地平,其余同上。4wk后,前组神经功能缺损积分值较后组下降显著(P相似文献   

α1-抗糜蛋白酶基因、早老素1基因 与阿尔茨海默病的相关分析

目的探讨中国汉族人中α１抗糜蛋白酶（ＡＡＣＴ）基因、早老素１（ＰＳ１）基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病（Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＡＤ）的相关情况。方法应用ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ方法,在１２３例患者和１４０例正常人中观察ＡＡＣＴ信号肽和ＰＳ１基因多态性的分布,进行关联分析。结果１ＡＤ患者与ＰＳ１基因等位基因１正关联,与等位基因２和基因型２／２负关联,但与１／１基因型无关;２ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性与ＡＤ无关联;３在三种ＰＳ１基因型中,ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性与ＡＤ均无关;４在ＡＡＣＴ基因ＡＡ、ＴＴ基因型中,ＰＳ１基因多态性与ＡＤ负关联,而ＴＡ型中ＰＳ１基因与ＡＤ无显著相关。结论中国人群中,ＡＤ与ＰＳ１基因２／２型负关联,而与ＡＡＣＴ信号肽基因多态性无关;ＡＡＣＴ信号肽和ＰＳ１基因多态性之间也无明显的相互影响。     

Catecholamines in paraganglia associated with the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve: effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine

Paraganglia are clusters of cells containing catecholamines (CA), mainly norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). The presence of epinephrine (E), on the other hand, has only been determined by indirect methods in retroperitoneal paraganglia of newborn and aged rats. Because their location, paraganglia associated with the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve may be a possible source of CA for the liver. The main purposes of the present study were to determine CA levels and whether E can be found in the omentum minus which includes paraganglia associated with the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve, and then to study the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine on their CA content. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly ascribed to three groups receiving two intraperitoneal injections of either 6-hydroxydopamine, reserpine or saline. Twenty-four hours after the last administration the rats were anesthetized and a portion of the omentum minus was obtained. Left adrenal medulla and a liver fragment were also collected as controls. The samples were processed to be analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and catecholamine histofluorescence. The results confirm previous reports about the presence of considerable amounts of norepinephrine and dopamine in paraganglia. Norepinephrine and dopamine in the omentum like the adrenal medulla were significantly depleted by reserpine but not by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, suggesting that some other sources in addition to sympathetic terminals are responsible for CA in the omentum. On the contrary, both drugs reduced liver NE, consistent with the localization of this amine mainly to hepatic sympathetic terminals. Histofluorescence of the omentum revealed 2-4 paraganglia per tissue fragment. Paraganglia associated with the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve contain also E. The presence of perihepatic sources of extra-adrenal CA, and more specifically E, could be of physiological significance.     

Practice protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, and urethra

This article details a practice protocol for the examination and reporting of specimens removed from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, or urethra. It was created by a multidisciplinary task force of pathologists and oncologists established by the Cancer Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Documentation for the protocol was obtained from the previously published protocol, the medical literature, personal experience, and consultation with colleagues. After creation and review by the task force, the protocol was sent to 1000 randomly selected practicing pathologists as a survey. Their comments and suggestions were addressed in the final version. The protocol was approved by the Board of Governors of the College of American Pathologists.     

Impact of the environment on reproductive health

The WHO workshop on the impact of the environment on reproductive health is summarized. Topics include the nature of environmental factors affecting reproductive health, environmental factors blamed for declining sperm quantity and quality, the effects of natural and man-made disasters on reproductive health, chemical pollutants, how the environment damages reproductive health, and research needs for better research methodologies and surveillance data. Recommendations are made to: 1) promote international research collaboration with an emphasis on consistency of methodological approaches for assessing developmental and reproductive toxicity, on development of improved surveillance systems and data bases, an strengthening international disaster alert and evaluation systems; 2) promote research capabilities for multidisciplinary studies, for interactive studies of the environment and cellular processes, and for expansion of training and education; and 3) take action on priority problems of exposure to chemical, physical, and biological agents, of exposure to pesticides among specific populations, and of inadequate screening methods for identification of environmental chemicals. The costs of environmental injury to reproduction include subfertility, intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, and various birth defects. Developed country's primary threats are from chemical pollution, radiation, and stress. There is a large gap in knowledge. Caution is urged in understanding the direct relationship between environmental causes and infertility. Sexual health is difficult to assess and research is suggested. Exposure to excessive vitamin A and toxic chemicals are cited as agents probably having serious effects on malformations. Sperm quality has declined over the decades; there is speculation about the potential causes. The effects of radiation such as at Chernobyl are described. Toxic chemical exposure such as in Bhopal, India killed thousands. Neurological damage is reported for fetuses and infants exposed to methyl mercury. There is the beginning of evidence that complications of pregnancy may be related to pollution levels surrounding industrial plants. Reproductive health is affected through chromosome damage and cell destruction, prenatal death, altered growth, fetal abnormalities, postnatal death, functional learning deficits, and premature aging.