全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1577篇 |
免费 | 191篇 |
国内免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 20篇 |
儿科学 | 59篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 114篇 |
口腔科学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 225篇 |
内科学 | 308篇 |
皮肤病学 | 104篇 |
神经病学 | 54篇 |
特种医学 | 134篇 |
外科学 | 295篇 |
综合类 | 104篇 |
现状与发展 | 30篇 |
预防医学 | 139篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 36篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 82篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 178篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 56篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 57篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 87篇 |
2013年 | 67篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 82篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 46篇 |
2007年 | 65篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 51篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 37篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1788条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
81.
Xianlin Xu Min Fan Xiaozhou He Jipu LiuJiandi Qin MM Jianan Ye MM 《The Journal of surgical research》2014
Aim
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been considered as the major cause of acute kidney injury and can result in poor long-term graft function. Functional recovery after IRI is impaired in the elderly. In the present study, we aimed to compare kidney morphology, function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and development of renal fibrosis in young and aged rats after renal IRI.Materials and methods
Rat models of warm renal IRI were established by clamping left pedicles for 45 min after right nephrectomy, then the clamp was removed, and kidneys were reperfused for up to 12 wk. Biochemical and histologic renal damage were assessed at 12 wk after reperfusion. The immunohistochemical staining of monocyte macrophage antigen-1 (ED-1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and messenger RNA level of TGF-β1 in the kidney were analyzed.Results
Renal IRI caused significant increases of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and a decrease of superoxide dismutase activity in young and aged IRI rats; however, these changes were more obvious in the aged rats. IRI resulted in severe inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with decreased creatinine (Cr) clearance and increased histologic damage in aged rats compared with young rats. Moreover, we measured the ratio of Cr clearance between young and aged IRI rats. It demonstrated that aged IRI rats did have poor Cr clearance compared with the young IRI rats. ED-1 and TGF-β1 expression levels in the kidney were significantly higher in aged rats than in young rats after IRI.Conclusion
Aged rats are more susceptible to IRI-induced renal failure, which may associate with the increased oxidative stress, increased histologic damage, and increased inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory response should improve the kidney recovery after IRI. 相似文献82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
Critical evaluation of the therapeutic benefit gained from provision of nutritional support requires knowledge regarding the nutritional status of those to whom it was given. The apparent effect of giving parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition depends not only on how much and how well it is given, but also on how depleted the recipient is. Thus, nutritional assessment requires close examination before proceeding to assess the efficacy and potential benefits of the remedial measures of parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition. Although preoperative malnutrition is associated with a poor operative outcome, there appears to be no consensus as to whether perioperative nutritional support can reduce postoperative complications to the level occurring in well-nourished patients undergoing similar procedures. This is partly because reports evaluating the effect of perioperative nutritional support on postoperative outcome vary widely as to numbers of patients studied, primary diagnoses, and the duration and quality of perioperative nutritional support. In Part I, these issues are explored in patients who are undergoing operations for cancer, trauma, or burns. Enteral nutrition appears to be as effective as parenteral nutrition in improving operative outcome, as compared with ad libitum oral nutrition. Postoperative enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition are equally effective in reducing postoperative complications. 相似文献