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31.
Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control,diagnosis, and treatment,and a proposed research and development agenda 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Guerin PJ Olliaro P Sundar S Boelaert M Croft SL Desjeux P Wasunna MK Bryceson AD 《The Lancet infectious diseases》2002,2(8):494-501
Visceral leishmaniasis is common in less developed countries, with an estimated 500000 new cases each year. Because of the diversity of epidemiological situations, no single diagnosis, treatment, or control will be suitable for all. Control measures through case finding, treatment, and vector control are seldom used, even where they could be useful. There is a place for a vaccine, and new imaginative approaches are needed. HIV co-infection is changing the epidemiology and presents problems for diagnosis and case management. Field diagnosis is difficult; simpler, less invasive tests are needed. Current treatments require long courses and parenteral administration, and most are expensive. Resistance is making the mainstay of treatment, agents based on pentavalent antimony, useless in northeastern India, where disease incidence is highest. Second-line drugs (pentamidine and amphotericin B) are limited by toxicity and availability, and newer formulations of amphotericin B are not affordable. The first effective oral drug, miltefosine, has been licensed in India, but the development of other drugs in clinical phases (paromomycin and sitamaquine) is slow. No novel compound is in the pipeline. Drug combinations must be developed to prevent drug resistance. Despite these urgent needs, research and development has been neglected, because a disease that mainly affects the poor ranks as a low priority in the private sector, and the public sector currently struggles to undertake the development of drugs and diagnostics in the absence of adequate funds and infrastructure. This article reviews the current situation and perspectives for diagnosis, treatment, and control of visceral leishmaniasis, and lists some priorities for research and development. 相似文献
32.
As part of a study on etiology of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among 520 women presenting at the STI clinic in Nairobi,
data on partner violence and its correlates were analyzed. Prevalence of lifetime physical violence was 26%, mainly by an
intimate partner (74%). HIV seropositive women had an almost twofold increase in lifetime partner violence. Women with more
risky sexual behavior such as early sexual debut, number of sex partners, history of condom use and of STI, experienced more
partner violence. Parity and miscarriage were associated with a history of lifetime violence. We found an inverse association
between schooling and level of violence. Six percent of the women had been raped. Gender-based violence screening and services
should be integrated into voluntary counseling and testing programs as well as in reproductive health programs. Multi-sector
approaches are needed to change prevailing attitudes towards violence against women.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
33.
Ellen De Backer Rita Verhelst Hans Verstraelen Geert Claeys Gerda Verschraegen Marleen Temmerman Mario Vaneechoutte 《BMC infectious diseases》2006,6(1):51
Background
Previous studies have indicated that a recently described anaerobic bacterium, Atopobium vaginae is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Thus far the four isolates of this fastidious micro-organism were found to be highly resistant to metronidazole and susceptible for clindamycin, two antibiotics preferred for the treatment of BV. 相似文献34.
Westerveld Marleen F. Paynter Jessica Adams Dawn 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2021,51(12):4692-4697
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - We used parent-report data from a prospective longitudinal study to better understand the early strengths in written skills often observed in... 相似文献
35.
Yihui Du Qiong Li Grigory Sidorenkov Marleen Vonder Jiali Cai Geertruida H. de Bock Yu Guan Yi Xia Xiuxiu Zhou Di Zhang Mieneke Rook Rozemarijn Vliegenthart Marjolein A. Heuvelmans Monique D. Dorrius P.M.A. van Ooijen Harry J.M. Groen Pim van der Harst Yi Xiao Shiyuan Liu 《Academic radiology》2021,28(1):36-45
36.
Slim Marleen A. Appelman Brent Müller Marcella C. A. Brouwer Matthijs C. Vlaar Alexander P. J. Wiersinga W. Joost van Vught Lonneke A. 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2021,40(12):2677-2683
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - 相似文献
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Michelle M. Gill John Ditekemena Aimé Loando Nana Mbonze Jo Bakualufu Rhoderick Machekano Cady Nyombe Marleen Temmerman Franck Fwamba 《AIDS and behavior》2018,22(3):860-866
This cluster-randomized study aimed to assess the Elombe (“Champion”) standard operating procedure (SOP), implemented by providers and Mentor Mothers, on HIV-positive pregnant women’s retention between first and second antenatal visits. Sixteen facilities in Kinshasa were randomly assigned to intervention (SOP) or comparison (no SOP). Effect of the SOP was estimated using relative risk. Women in comparison facilities were more likely to miss second visits (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.05–5.98) than women in intervention facilities (30.0%, n = 27 vs. 12.0%, n = 9, p < 0.002). Findings demonstrate that a simple intervention can reduce critical early loss to care in PMTCT programs providing universal, lifelong treatment. 相似文献
40.
Synbiotics‐supplemented amino acid‐based formula supports adequate growth in cow's milk allergic infants 下载免费PDF全文