全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1613篇 |
免费 | 146篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 8篇 |
儿科学 | 59篇 |
妇产科学 | 41篇 |
基础医学 | 259篇 |
口腔科学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 285篇 |
内科学 | 323篇 |
皮肤病学 | 10篇 |
神经病学 | 117篇 |
特种医学 | 42篇 |
外科学 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 187篇 |
眼科学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 153篇 |
肿瘤学 | 90篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 50篇 |
2013年 | 92篇 |
2012年 | 108篇 |
2011年 | 110篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 109篇 |
2007年 | 124篇 |
2006年 | 108篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 109篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1927年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1760条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
Marja -Leena Kortelainen Tuomo Lapinlampi Jorma Hirvonen 《European journal of applied physiology》1989,58(5):514-521
Summary Guinea-pigs were treated with chlorpromazine or 0.9% NaCl and exposed to +4° C or +23° C for 2 h. Hypothalamic noradrenaline
(NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene-glycol (MHPG), homovanillinic acid (HVA)
and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum and urinary catecholamines,
muscle and liver glycogen and blood glucose were also measured. Chlorpromazine caused deep hypothermia at this moderately
cold temperature and slight hypothermia at room temperature. Cold increased the activity of noradrenergic and serotonergic
neurons, as indicated by the increase in hypothalamic MHPG and 5-HIAA and also the MHPG∶NA and 5-HIAA∶5-HT ratios. A tendency
towards drug-induced inhibition of hypothalamic serotonergic neurons was seen, although this was not significant. A drug-induced
inhibition of noradrenergic neurons could not be ruled out. Increased drug-induced turnover of DA was observed in the cold,
and a tendency in the same direction was seen at room temperature. Excretion of DA into the urine was induced by chlorpromazine.
The hypothermic guinea-pigs had low serum catecholamines, indicating diminished sympathetic activity, but high urinary catechols,
a sign of cold stress. 相似文献
13.
14.
Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase attenuates the inflammatory response in secondary peritonitis in mice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
van Veen SQ van Vliet AK Wulferink M Brands R Boermeester MA van Gulik TM 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(7):4309-4314
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes importantly to morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (BIAP) was demonstrated to detoxify LPS through dephosphorylation. LPS injection combined with BIAP reduced inflammation and improved survival in various experimental settings. In this study, single-dose intravenous administration of BIAP (0.15 IU/g) was applied in a murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis. Saline was given as control (S group). Treatment with BIAP prior to CLP (prophylaxis; BIAP-P group) or shortly after (early treatment; BIAP-ET group) reduced cytokine concentrations in plasma and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha peak levels decreased from 170 pg/ml (S) to 57.5 (BIAP-P) and 82.5 (BIAP-ET) in plasma and in PLF from 57.5 pg/ml (S) to 35.3 (BIAP-P) and 16.8 (BIAP-ET) (all, P < 0.05). Peak interleukin-6 levels in plasma decreased from 19.3 ng/ml (S) to 3.4 (BIAP-P) and 11.5 (BIAP-ET) and in PLF from 32.6 ng/ml (S) to 13.4 (BIAP-P) and 10.9 (BIAP-ET) (all, P < 0.05). Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 peak levels in plasma decreased from 2.0 ng/ml (S) to 1.0 (BIAP-P) and 0.7 (BIAP-ET) and in PLF from 6.4 (S) to 2.3 (BIAP-P) and 1.3 ng/ml (BIAP-ET) (all, P < 0.05). BIAP-treated groups showed decreased transaminase activity in plasma and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in the lung, indicating reduced associated hepatocellular and pulmonary damage. Survival was not significantly altered by BIAP in this single-dose regimen. In polymicrobial secondary peritonitis, both prophylactic and early BIAP treatment attenuates the inflammatory response both locally and systemically and reduces associated liver and lung damage. 相似文献
15.
Bos GW Hennink WE Brouwer LA den Otter W Veldhuis TF van Nostrum CF van Luyn MJ 《Biomaterials》2005,26(18):3901-3909
In this study, the in vivo biocompatibility of physically crosslinked dextran hydrogels was investigated. These hydrogels were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of dextran grafted with L-lactic acid oligomers and dextran grafted with D-lactic acid oligomers. Gelation occurs due to stereocomplex formation of the lactic acid oligomers of opposite chirality. Since gelation takes some time, in situ gel formation is possible with this system. A number of sterilization methods was evaluated for their effect on the chemical and physical properties of the hydrogel. It was shown that of the investigated options (filtration, gamma irradiation, dry-heat and autoclaving) dry-heat sterilization was the preferred method to prepare sterile gels suitable for in vivo evaluations. Two types of stereocomplex gels were prepared and implanted subcutaneously in rats. The tissue reaction was evaluated over a period of 30 days. A mild ongoing foreign body reaction was observed characterized by infiltration of macrophages. Giant cells were only scarcely formed and the low numbers of lymphocytes showed that priming of the immune system is hardly involved. Importantly, the gels fully degraded in vivo within 15 days, which is in good agreement with the in vitro degradation behaviour of these gels. In conclusion, stereocomplexed dextran-oligolactic gels showed good biocompatibility which makes them suitable candidates for the design of controlled release devices for pharmaceutically active proteins. 相似文献
16.
Wolschrijn CF Kik MJ Weijs WA 《The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology》2003,275(1):990-996
The present study describes cartilage-free areas on the ulnar trochlear notch and the humeral condyle of eight very young golden retrievers with otherwise healthy elbow joints. Remarkably, the youngest dog with full-thickness cartilage-free areas was only 8 weeks old. The younger dogs showed no macroscopic abnormalities on the locations that were affected in the older dogs. Two kinds of cartilage modifications were found. Cartilage-free areas at the edges of the articular cartilage layer were present on the humeral capitulum and on two locations of the ulna, (the medial and lateral at the base of the anconeal process, and the trochlear notch near the lateral coronoid process, which was fractured in two cases). Histological examination showed that these cartilage-free areas were filled with dense supportive tissue. Synovial cells covered this tissue as well as the surrounding hyaline cartilage. The synovial membrane covering the areas was macroscopically enlarged, but histological examination revealed no signs of inflammation. The second type of modification consisted of discoloration of the articular surface at the humeral trochlea. Histological examination revealed that in this area the articular surface was composed of fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage. Apparently, there are locations within the elbow joint in which articular cartilage is not necessary for normal joint functioning. The presence of fibrocartilage on the articular surface of the humeral condyle is a surprising finding, for which no explanation has yet been found. 相似文献
17.
Wessels MW Berger RM Frohn-Mulder IM Roos-Hesselink JW Hoogeboom JJ Mancini GS Bartelings MM Krijger Rd Wladimiroff JW Niermeijer MF Grossfeld P Willems PJ 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2005,(2):171-179
Most nonsyndromic congenital heart malformations (CHMs) in humans are multifactorial in origin, although an increasing number of monogenic cases have been reported recently. We describe here four new families with presumed autosomal dominant inheritance of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), consisting of hypoplastic left heart (HLHS) or left ventricle (HLV), aortic valve stenosis (AS) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), hypoplastic aortic arch (HAA), and coarctation of the aorta (CoA). LVOTO in these families shows a wide clinical spectrum with some family members having severe anomalies such as hypoplastic left heart, and others only minor anomalies such as mild aortic valve stenosis. This supports the suggestion that all anomalies of the LVOTO spectrum are developmentally related and can be caused by a single gene defect. 相似文献
18.
19.
Marja Ala-Houhala Christer Holmberg Kai Rönnholm Aila Paganus Jarmo Laine Olli Koskimies 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1995,9(6):737-741
Alphacalcidol oral pulse therapy was given for secondary hyperparathyroidism to 22 children (mean age of 5.6 years) with renal insufficiency. At the beginning of the study, the glomerular filtration rate was <50% of normal, serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was >100 ng/l and the serum phosphate and calcium concentrations were within the normal range. Alphacalcidol (0.5–3.0 g) was given orally thrice weekly in the evening and adjusted according to PTH, ionized calcium and phosphate concentrations. Serum PTH (mean ± SEM) decreased significantly from a pre-treatment level of 393±81 ng/l to 122±34 ng/l after 12 months, and stabilized at this level. Mean vitamin D metabolite concentrations were within the normal range. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D did not increase during therapy, while PTH decreased. The estimated creatinine clearance remained almost unchanged (20±3 and 21±6 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Growth remained low normal (height standard deviation score –1.8±0.3 initially and –1.7±0.4 12 months later) and bone mineral density did not decrease. We concluded that feedback regulation of PTH with oral alphacalcidol pulse therapy is effective in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in children with renal failure prior to dialysis. 相似文献
20.