Seimisochromenes A and B: two new dihydroisochromenes from the endophytic fungus,Seimatosporium sp.

Two new dihydroisochromenes, named seimisochromenes A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Seimatosporium sp. The structures of seimisochromenes A and B have been determined from 1D (¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra) and 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR experiments.     

累及到骨髓的肾外Wilms肿瘤:一例指标病例报道(英文)

Extrarenal Wilms' tumour (ERWT) is extremely rare with a scant mention in the literature. We described a 7 yearoldgirl who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation. Diagnostic investigation and exploratory laparotomyprovided evidence of a huge retroperitoneal mass in the lumbosacral area with normal kidneys. Histology and immunophenotypingconfirmed the diagnosis of Wilms' tumour. Bone marrow revealed infiltration with non-hematogenous cells and patientwas started on chemoradiotherapy. Presently patient is on our follow up and asymptomatic for her disease.     

Anticandidal activity of cinnamaldehyde,its ligand and Ni(II) complex: Effect of increase in ring and side chain

To increase efficacy of cinnamaldehyde as an antimycotic agent, N, N′- Bis (trans-cinnamadehyde) ethylenediimine [C₂₀H₂₀N₂] and Ni(II) complex of the type [Ni(C₄₀H₄₀N₄)Cl₂] have been synthesized. The ligand [P] and Ni(II) complex have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, FTIR, ESI- MS, IR, ¹H NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques, conductivity and magnetic measurements. MIC of cinnamaldehyde against clinical isolate of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis was 400 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, respectively. Synthesized ligand has markedly reduced MIC; 200 μg/ml and 300 μg/ml whereas Ni(II) complex of ligand displayed MIC of 90 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml. Growth and sensitivity of the organisms were effected by ligand & complex at significantly reduced concentration. Plasma membrane ATPase activity and ergosterol content have been investigated as site of action. Result obtained indicates ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as site of action of cinnamaldehyde, synthesized ligand and its Ni(II) complex.     

Zinsser-Cole-Engmann syndrome

Zinser-Cole-Engmann syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by atrophy and pigmentation of skin, nail dystrophy and oral leukoplakia. Here we report a case of this rare entity.     

Hyperostotic Esthesioneuroblastoma: Rare Variant and Fibrous Dysplasia Mimicker

A 65-year-old male presented with a 3-year history of orbital symptoms. An imaging-based diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base was made at another institution. CT showed a diffuse sinonasal mass and ground-glass appearance of the bones of the anterior skull base with bony defects and mucocele formation. MRI demonstrated an accompanying intracranial and orbital rind of soft tissue mass along the hyperostotic bones. FDG-PET showed corresponding intense hypermetabolism. Small cysts were observed at the tumor-brain interface. Biopsy revealed esthesioneuroblastoma with bone infiltration that is compatible with the hyperostotic variant of esthesioneuroblastoma. There are a few cases of hyperostotic esthesioneuroblastoma reported in the literature.     

Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria in Orofacial Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin

Background

Odontogenic infections range from peripheral abscess to superficial and deep infections leading to severe infections in head and neck region. This study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates responsible for orofacial infection of odontogenic origin and their drug susceptibility patterns so as to provide better perceptive for the management of odontogenic infections.

Methods

The study was made in a selected cohort of patients, irrespective of age and gender having moderate and severe orofacial infections of odontogenic origin admitted to Yenepoya University Hospital. Pus samples were collected and identification of bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Result

A total of 37 study subjects were included, with bacterial isolation rate of 31 (83.7 %). The mean age presented of all patients was 40.62. Of all, 24 (64.9 %) were males. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter claocae subsp. dissolvens, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae were the most prevalent isolates. Result showed that 58.6 % of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin, 52.5 % for ampicillin, 51.3 % for piperacillin; least resistant being 18.9 % for azithromycin.

Conclusion

High prevalence of bacterial isolates was found, Staphylococcus aureus being the dominant. Most of the bacteria were resistant to different classes of antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotics should be given based on the bacterial isolates, culture sensitivity and clinical course of the disease.

     

Cardiac metastasis in malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma MFH is an aggressive spindle cell cancer and is the most common soft tissue tumor in the elderly, primarily affecting the extremities. It has high metastatic potential and can spread to various viscera including liver, lung, bone, and brain; however, cardiac metastasis is an extreme rarity. Here, we present a 50-year-old male, diagnosed as pleiomorhphic storiform MFH a of right arm who developed parenchymal pulmonary metastases and a mass lesion in left atrium. Patient had a downhill course and eventually succumbed.     

Transient 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) treatment dissociates developing pathologies in autoimmune optic neuritis into two distinct pathology profiles

Discovery of treatments to protect axonal function of neurons and prevent permanent disability associated with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has faced the uphill challenge of assessing relatively small changes in accumulated axon damage within a background environment that is disorganized by CNS inflammation. We hypothesized that transient immunosuppression after initiation of MS-like autoimmune mechanisms would disassociate development of MS-like myelinated axon pathology from development of CNS inflammation in a rat model of autoimmune optic neuritis (AON). A rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide-induced AON was transiently treated (on days 3-7 after antigen exposure) with 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1), an immunomodulatory drug previously shown specifically to suppress proliferation of effector memory T-cells and immunoglobulin class-switched B-cells. Thirteen days after antigen exposure, optic nerves were harvested for quantitative assessment of 12 MS-associated pathologies using microfluorimetry. With one exception, the immunoreactivities (-ir) for eight markers of MS-like neuroinflammation and immune infiltration were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by transient PAP-1 treatment, often to levels significantly below those detected in normal control rat optic nerves. With one exception, four immunoreactive markers of MS-like myelinated axon pathology were detected at levels indicating increased axon/myelin pathology compared with vehicle-treated rats with AON (P < 0.05). These data suggest the conclusion that early causative mechanisms in CNS autoimmunity initiate signaling mechanisms that diverge into two separate pathways, one that is strongly associated with inflammatory responses and one that is associated predominantly with disturbed axon-myelin interactions and impaired fast axonal transport.     

Glial ensheathment of peripheral axons in Drosophila

The ensheathment of neurons and their axons creates an ion-sensitive microenvironment that allows rapid conduction of nerve impulses. One of the fundamental questions about axonal ensheathment is how insulating glial cells wrap around axons. The mechanisms that underlie insulation of axons in invertebrates and vertebrates are not fully understood. In the present article we address cellular aspects of axonal ensheathment in Drosophila by taking advantage of glial mutants that illustrate a range of phenotypic defects including ensheathment of axons. From the findings of these mutant studies, we summarize that loss of glial cells, defects in glial membrane wrapping, failure of glial migration, and loss of specialized ladderlike septate junctions between ensheathing glial membranes result in axon-glial functional defects. These studies provide a broad perspective on glial ensheathment of axons in Drosophila and key insights into the anatomical and cellular aspects of axonal insulation. Given the powerful genetic approaches available in Drosophila, the axonal ensheathment process can be dissected in great detail to reveal the fundamental principles of ensheathment. These observations will be relevant to understanding the very similar processes in vertebrates, where defects in glial cell functions lead to devastating neurological diseases.     

Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic adverse effects: Case studies and a literature review for clinicians

There is a growing body of literature supporting the contribution of genetic variability to the mechanisms responsible for the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications particularly movement disorders and weight gain. Despite the current gap between research studies and the practical tools available to the clinician to identify such risks, it is hoped that in the foreseeable future, pharmacogenetics will become a critical aid to guide the development of personalized therapeutic regimes with fewer adverse effects. We provide a summary of two cases that are examples of using cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics in an attempt to guide treatment in the context of recent literature concerning the role of pharmacogenetics in the manifestation of adverse effects of antipsychotic therapies. These examples and the review of recent literature on pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic adverse effects illustrate the potential for applying the principles of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine to the therapy of psychotic disorders.