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51.
Niklas Zethraeus PhD Student Magnus Johannesson Associate Professor Peter Henriksson Head of Department Roland T. Strand Consultant 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1997,104(10):1191-1195
Objective To measure the gain in quality of life due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms.
Design Prospective study where data on quality of life and willingness to pay were collected by interview.
Setting Department of Gynaecology at Sodertalje Hospital near Stockholm.
Participants One hundred and four women aged 45 to 65 years treated for menopausal symptoms for at least one month.
Methods Quality oflife was measured by the time tradeoff and rating scale methods. The willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy was investigated using the contingent valuation method.
Main outcome measures The quality adjusted life year weight measured with the rating scale and time tradeoff methods, and willingness to pay.
Results The increase in the quality adjusted life year weight due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild symptoms was 0.26 according to the rating scale method and 0.18 according to the time tradeoff method. For women with severe symptoms the quality adjusted life year weight increased by 0.50 according to the rating scale method and by 0.42 according to the time tradeoff method. The mean willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy per month was 2300 Swedish krone for women with mild symptoms and 4800 Swedish krone for women with severe symptoms (£1 = 10.3 Swedish krone).
Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy leads to a major improvement in quality of life for women with menopausal symptoms. Both for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms the willingness to pay for the treatment also greatly exceeds the costs, indicating that hormone replacement therapy is economically beneficial for women with menopausal symptoms. 相似文献
Design Prospective study where data on quality of life and willingness to pay were collected by interview.
Setting Department of Gynaecology at Sodertalje Hospital near Stockholm.
Participants One hundred and four women aged 45 to 65 years treated for menopausal symptoms for at least one month.
Methods Quality oflife was measured by the time tradeoff and rating scale methods. The willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy was investigated using the contingent valuation method.
Main outcome measures The quality adjusted life year weight measured with the rating scale and time tradeoff methods, and willingness to pay.
Results The increase in the quality adjusted life year weight due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild symptoms was 0.26 according to the rating scale method and 0.18 according to the time tradeoff method. For women with severe symptoms the quality adjusted life year weight increased by 0.50 according to the rating scale method and by 0.42 according to the time tradeoff method. The mean willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy per month was 2300 Swedish krone for women with mild symptoms and 4800 Swedish krone for women with severe symptoms (£1 = 10.3 Swedish krone).
Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy leads to a major improvement in quality of life for women with menopausal symptoms. Both for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms the willingness to pay for the treatment also greatly exceeds the costs, indicating that hormone replacement therapy is economically beneficial for women with menopausal symptoms. 相似文献
52.
Assessment of the mutagenicity of dichloroacetic acid in lacI transgenic B6C3F1 mouse liver 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a chlorination byproduct found in finished
drinking water. When administered in drinking water this chemical has been
shown to produce hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in B6C3F1 mice over
the animal's lifetime. In this study, we investigated whether mutant
frequencies were increased in mouse liver using treatment protocols that
yielded significant tumor induction. DCA was administered continuously at
either 1.0 or 3.5 g/l in drinking water to male transgenic B6C3F1 mice
harboring the bacterial lacI gene. Groups of five or six animals were
killed at 4, 10 or 60 weeks and livers removed. At both 4 and 10 weeks of
treatment, there was no significant difference in mutant frequency between
the treated and control animals at either dose level. At 60 weeks, mice
treated with 1.0 g/l DCA showed a 1.3-fold increase in mutant frequency
over concurrent controls (P = 0.05). Mice treated with 3.5 g/l DCA for 60
weeks had a 2.3-fold increase in mutant frequency over the concurrent
controls (P = 0.002). The mutation spectrum recovered from mice treated
with 3.5 g/l DCA for 60 weeks contained G:C-->A:T transitions (32.79%)
and G:C-->T:A transversions (21.31%). In contrast, G:C-->A:T
transitions comprised 53.19% of the recovered mutants among control
animals. Although only 19.15% of mutations among the controls were at T:A
sites, 32.79% of the mutations from DCA-treated animals were at T:A sites.
This is consistent with the previous observation that the proportion of
mutations at T:A sites in codon 61 of the H-ras gene was increased in
DCA-induced liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice. The present study demonstrates
DCA-associated mutagenicity in the mouse liver under conditions in which
DCA produces hepatic tumors.
相似文献
53.
Tomas Norlander Sam-Hyun Kwon Gert Henriksson Karl Magnus Westrin Karin Sandstedt Pontus Stierna 《The Laryngoscope》1998,108(3):411-417
To investigate possible effects of corticosteroids on polyp formation and local bacterial colonization, pneumococcal sinusitis was experimentally induced in rabbits pretreated with betamethasone or saline. After 7 days, macroscopic polyps were counted post-mortem and on histologic slides after serial sectioning. Histologic sections were also examined with light microscopy. Macroscopic polyps were significantly fewer in animals given betamethasone, while there was no difference regarding the number of microscopic polyps. Ingrowth of pathogenic microorganisms was found in five of eight rabbits given placebo but in none of the animals treated with corticosteroids (P < 0.05). The reduced number of pathogenic strains in these animals may be explained by a better-preserved local host defense. The lower number of macroscopic polyps in the same animals could be because of a delayed mucosal repair and subsequent polyp formation. 相似文献
54.
Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Morgan L Davies F Corcoran J Stammers J Colley SA Spencer D Hull 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1998,87(2):136-142
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) are thought to be required for optimal nervous system development in the newborn. A commercial milk formula containing LCP (Aptamil-LCP) with a fatty acid profile closely resembling breast milk, has recently been introduced for term infants. The absorption of fatty acids in term infants was examined in a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Aptamil-LCP ( n = 20) and standard Aptamil ( n = 20). Formula-fed newborn infants were studied from birth for 14 d. Fat balances (3 d) were performed from d 10. A 3-d stool collection was performed from d 10 in a parallel breastfed group ( n = 21). Plasma samples were taken on d 6. Median fat excretion (mg kg−1 ) was 897.1, 615.0 and 355.2 with Aptamil, Aptamil-LCP and breastfeeding, respectively. The median total fat absorption coefficient in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants was higher than in those fed standard Aptamil ( p < 0:01). These findings were accounted for by differences in the excretion and absorption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0). Higher fat excretion was associated with bulkier and firmer stools. Only trace amounts of LCP were detected in the stools of all groups. This accounted for less than 4% of dietary intake in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants. No differences in the utilization of LCP from Aptamil-LCP and breast milk feeding were apparent. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition data reflected differences in dietary LCP intake. Thus, PL LCP levels were highest in the breastfed infants and lowest in the Aptamil-fed infants, with values for the Aptamil-LCP-fed group falling in between. 相似文献
55.
Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor axis in a human hepatoma cell line (PLC) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Scharf JG; Schmidt-Sandte W; Pahernik SA; Ramadori G; Braulke T; Hartmann H 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(12):2121-2128
56.
57.
58.
Mia Sandberg Inger Johansson Magnus Christensen Anders Rane Erik Eliasson 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2004,32(5):484-489
CYP2C9-dependent drug metabolism is subject to large interindividual variation. To some extent, this is explained by genetic polymorphism with expression of enzyme variants that differ in catalytic activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the variation in CYP2C9 phenotype in relation to genotype, with further analysis of the CYP2C9 gene in metabolic outliers. A study population of 126 healthy white subjects were recruited and genotyped for the variant alleles, CYP2C9*1-3. In CYP2C9 phenotyping with losartan, three subpopulations were distinguished that differed in the number of CYP2C9*3 alleles (0, 1, or 2). A three-fold higher metabolic ratio (MR; urinary losartan/carboxymetabolite) was found comparing CYP2C9*1/*3 (n = 20) to CYP2C9*1/*1 (n = 81), but there was considerable variation within each genotype. Subjects genotyped as CYP2C9*1/*1, but with an unexpectedly slow oxidation of losartan, were selected for DNA-sequencing analysis of the CYP2C9 gene. Interestingly, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could not be identified either in the 5'-flanking region, the nine exons, or exon-intron boundaries. However, sequencing of the CYP2C9 gene was also carried out in patients genotyped as CYP2C9*1/*1 but with an exceptionally low steady-state clearance of S-warfarin. Here, five different SNPs were identified. In further analysis of the healthy volunteers, it became evident that women on oral contraceptives (OCs) had slower oxidation of losartan (MR of losartan: 1.7) than women without OCs (MR of losartan: 0.86). This novel finding was not explained by a different frequency of variant alleles. In summary, CYP2C9 genotype and oral contraceptives both contribute to a large interindividual variation in CYP2C9 activity. 相似文献
59.
Staffan Eksborg Magnus Andersson Lennart Domellöf Ulla Lönroth 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》1986,3(2):105-110
The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and 4′epi-adriamycin were studied in patients with malignant tumors of the liver after simultaneous regional administration of equal amounts of the two anthracyclines by the arterial route. The use of a highly selective liquid chromatographic analytical method permitted quantification of plasma concentrations of the two drugs as well as their corresponding 13-hydroxy metabolites. The plasma concentrations of each drug followed a three-compartment open model. On average the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (C max) were 2.1 and 1.7 times larger for adriamycin than for 4′epi-adriamycin, respectively. 4′Epi-adriamycin was eliminated faster than adriamycin, the terminal half-life time being on the average 1.5 times higher for adriamycin. These findings are in agreement with what has previously been observed after intravenous administration. The plasma concentrations of the 13-hydroxy metabolites did not exceed 30 ng ml?1. The AUC values of these metabolites were on average 20% of the AUC values of the intact drugs. 相似文献
60.
Diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Elena‐Sophie Prigge Marc Arbyn Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz Miriam Reuschenbach 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2017,140(5):1186-1198
The accurate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) causality in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) is likely to influence therapeutic decisions in affected patients in the near future. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify HPV‐induced OPSCC. We identified all studies that performed p16INK4a IHC (index test) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection using an amplification‐based method (gold standard to indicate a transforming relevance of HPV) in OPSCC. Testing with one or more comparator tests (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing) was an optional criterion for inclusion. Among 1,636 retrieved studies 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of p16INK4a IHC, HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA ISH and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was 94% (95%‐confidence interval (CI) 91–97%), 98% (CI 94–100%), 85% (CI 76–92%) and 93% (CI 87–97%), respectively. The pooled specificity was 83% (CI 78–88%), 84% (CI 74–92%), 88% (CI 78–96%) and 96% (CI 89–100%), respectively. p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was as sensitive as either p16INK4a IHC or HPV DNA PCR alone but significantly more specific than either separate test. In conclusion, p16INK4a IHC is highly sensitive but moderately specific to diagnose HPV‐transformed OPSCC when used as a single test. Combined p16INK4a IHC and HPV DNA PCR testing significantly enhances specificity while maintaining high sensitivity. This diagnostic test combination thus represents an attractive testing strategy for the reliable diagnosis of HPV‐induced OPSCC in the clinical setting and may constitute an inclusion criterion for future therapeutic trials. 相似文献