Microalbuminuria is a sensitive marker to detect early nephropathy in diabetes mellitus. Cystatin C correlates better than serum creatinine with microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We evaluated the correlation between microalbuminuria, serum cystatin C (Cyc-C), and serum creatinine (SCr) in diabetic children. A hundred patients with stable T1D and 66 sex-matched healthy children were entered in the study between September 2008 and February 2011. Fasting blood sample was drawn for HbA1C, creatinine, and cystatin C. A. 24-h urine aliquot was collected to measure microalbumin, creatinine, and volume. Glomerular filtration rate estimated based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRCyst C), and creatinine + cystatin C (eGFRCyst C + Cr). Binary logistic regression analysis, chi-square, ANOVA, Student’s t test, and nonparametric median tests were used to analyze data. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Medians serum creatinine and cystatin C of T1D group were significantly different from controls (P < 0.05). Overall, medians eGFRCyst C were higher than eGFRcr, or eGFRCyst C + Cr. Thirty-six children with T1D had microalbuminuria. There was a correlation between microalbuminuria and eGFRCyst C (<60 and >130 ml/min/1.73 m2) (P < 0.05). Medians eGFRcr were significantly lower than medians eGFRCyst C in T1D, regardless of microalbuminuria (P < 0.05). Chronic kidney disease classification according to eGFRcr and eGFRCyst C were not matched (P < 0.05). GFR in healthy children was overestimated by eGFRCyst C and underestimated by eGFRcr. There was higher correlation between abnormal eGFRCyst C and microalbuminuria in diabetic children. eGFRCr detected higher rate of GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
Two types of regioisomeric chromene-based chalcones namely, 1-(6-methoxy-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-phenylpropen-1-ones and 3-(6-methoxy-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1-phenylpropen-1-ones were prepared and investigated for their antileishmanial activity against promastigotes form of Leishmania major. The obtained results from in vitro biological assays indicated that chloro-substituted 1-(6-methoxy-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-phenylpropen-1-ones exhibited excellent activity against Leishmania major at non-cytotoxic concentrations. 相似文献
Novel levofloxacin-containing hybrids carrying a 5-(nitroaryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl group were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Preliminary data indicated that levofloxacin-nitrofuran and levofloxacin-nitroimidazole hybrids have a potent activity against Gram-positive organisms with enhanced anti-staphylococcal activity compared with the parent quinolone (N-desmethyl levofloxacin). 相似文献
A series of 4-(2-phenoxyphenyl)semicarbazones was synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Several compounds (e. g. 10h, 10i, and 11i) were found to be more potent than the reference drug mefenamic acid in the formalin test. Based on the results of an anti-inflammatory study, 1-(1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-4-(2-phenoxyphenyl)semicarbazide 11i was the most active compound. 相似文献
Background: Social determinants of health are among the key factors affecting the pathogenesis of diseases. Considering the increasingly high prevalence of breast cancer and the association of social determinants of health with its occurrence, related morbidity and mortality and survival rate, this study sought to assess the relationship of three-year survival rate of breast cancer with social determinants of health. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on males and females presenting to the Cancer Research Center of Shohada-E-Tajrish Hospital from 2006 to 2010 with definite diagnosis of breast cancer. Data were collected via phone interviews. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression was fitted using SPSS (version 18) and PH assumption was tested by STATA (version 11) software. Results: The study was performed on 797 breast cancer patients, aged 25-93 years with mean age of 54.66 (SD=11.86) years. After 3 years from diagnosing cancer 700 (87.8%) patients were alive and 97 (12.2%) patients were dead. Using log rank test, there was relationship between 3-year survivals with age, education, childhood residence, sibling, treatment type, and district were significant (p<0.05). Using Cox PH regression, 3-year survival was related to age, level of education, municipal district of residence and childhood condition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Social determinants of health such as childhood condition, city region residency, level of education and age affect the three-year survival rate of breast cancer. Future studies must focus on the effect of childhood social class on the survival rates of cancers, which have been paid less attention to. 相似文献
The tomographic localization of activity within human primary visual cortex (striate cortex or V1) was examined using whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) and 4-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in four subjects. Circular checkerboard pattern stimuli with radii from 1.8 to 5.2 degrees were presented at eccentricity of 8 degrees and angular position of 45 degrees in the lower quadrant of the visual field to excite the dorsal part of V1 which is distant from the V1/V2 border and from the fundus of the calcarine sulcus. Both fMRI and MEG identified spatially well-overlapped activity within the targeted area in each subject. For MEG, in three subjects a very precise activation in V1 was identified at 42 ms for at least one of the two larger stimulus sizes (radii 4.5 and 5.2 degrees ). When this V1 activity was present, it marked the beginning of a weak wave of excitations in striate and extrastriate areas which ended at 50 ms (M50). The beginning of the next wave of activations (M70) was also marked by a brief V1 activation, mainly between 50 and 60 ms. The mean separation between V1 activation centers identified by fMRI and the earliest MEG activation was 3-5 mm. 相似文献
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an interprofessional education model (IPE) based on the transtheoretical model to improve the participants’ interprofessional collaborative practice. The study was conducted in Iran using a controlled before-and-after study design. The participants (n = 91) were the residents of emergency medicine and nurses of the emergency units from two teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The participants in the intervention group (n = 40) were 22 residents and 18 nurses. The control group (n = 51) consisted of 20 residents and 31 nurses. The participants were classified based on their stage of readiness to change. The interventions were two-day workshops for each stage (i.e., attitude and intention). We used the Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric (ICAR) to assess the effectiveness of the developed model. The interprofessional collaboration of the participants in the intervention and control groups was assessed at four time points before and after the intervention in the real emergency unit environment. Student’s t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. We used partial eta-squared (η2) for effect size calculations. The mean values of ICAR scores in the intervention and control groups were 95.63 ± 19.14 and 89.19 ± 16.11 before the intervention. The mean values of ICAR scores at 3 months after the intervention were 99.82 ± 22.32 and 88.29 ± 16.87 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. After 6 months, the mean values of ICAR scores of the intervention and control groups were 98.6 ± 23.40 and 87.98 ± 16.01, respectively. The results showed that the intervention had a medium educational effect size (partial η2 = 0.06) on performance of the participants. Our results showed that an IPE model that is tailored to the learners’ stage of readiness to change improves interprofessional collaboration in the participants. The developed model could be applied for improving interprofessional collaborative performance in other IPE programmes. 相似文献
The study aimed to determine the association between nutrients (micronutrients, macronutrients, and antioxidants) and the occurrence of COVID-19-related outcomes (morbidity and hospitalization) using a cohort study in Western Iran.
Methods
The basic study information was collected from February 2019 to February 2020 from the baseline phase of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). The primary outcomes in this study included risk of contracting COVID-19 and hospitalization due to it at a specific time. To compare these outcomes based on different nutritional groups (macronutrients or micronutrients), Kaplan–Meier chart and log rank test were used. Also, univariate and multivariate regression models were used to investigate the association between different nutritional groups and desired outcomes (risk of contracting COVID-19 and hospitalization due to it at a certain time).
Results
The results showed that people having an insufficient intake of selenium (HR: 1.180; % 95 CI: 1.032–2.490; P: 0.042), vitamin A (HR: 1.119; % 95 CI: 1.020–1.442; p: 0.033), and vitamin E (HR: 1.544; % 95 CI: 1.136–3.093; p: 0.039) were significantly more infected with COVID-19 than the ones who had a sufficient intake of these nutrients. Also, the results showed that people having an insufficient intake of selenium (HR: 2.130; % 95 CI: 1.232–3.098; p: 0.018) and vitamin A (HR: 1.200; % 95 CI: 1.000–2.090; p: 0.043) were significantly hospitalized more than the ones who had a sufficient intake of these nutrients.
Conclusion
Insufficient intake of selenium and vitamins A and E can significantly increase the incidence of COVID-19 and hospitalization due to it. 相似文献