氯诺昔康防治瑞芬太尼所致痛觉过敏现象的临床观察

[目的]探讨氯诺昔康对瑞芬太尼痛觉过敏现象的防治作用.[方法]选择因甲状腺肿块行择期手术患者40例,随机分为A、B两组(n=20),A组在诱导前予以氯诺昔康16 mg,B组在诱导前予以生理盐水5 mL.观察比较两组在PACU的躁动情况及注药前(T1),清醒后30 min(T2),1 h(T3),2 h(T4),4 h(...     

ICU护士心理健康状况调查及应对方式分析

目的：了解ICU护士心理状况与应对方式,探索促进ICU护士心理健康的有效途径。方法：采用心理健康症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式量表,对广州市和佛山市76名ICU护士进行测评。结果：ICU护士SCL-90筛选阳性率达53%,各因子得分均高于全国常模;因子中躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性与全国常模比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。ICU护士应对方式中消极应对与SCL-90各因子得分均呈显著正相关,积极应对与SCL-90强迫、人际关系、恐怖呈显著负相关。结论：ICU护士心理健康水平低于全国常模,且在遇到问题多采用消极的应对方式。     

磁共振成像对类风湿关节炎诊断效率的荟萃分析

目的 系统评价磁共振成像(MRI)对于类风湿关节炎(RA)的诊断效能.方法 计算机检索国内外各主要数据库,辅以手工检索和其他检索方法,收集关于MRI诊断RA的对照试验,检索时间 1996-2009年.按照纳入标准筛选文献并提取资料,采用Meta-disc软件合并敏感性,特异性,阳性似然比,阴性似然比,诊断性试验比值比,进行异质性分析(Q-检验,I2),当P>0.10,且I2≤50%时无异质性.结果 共纳入12项随机对照试验.结果 显示病程≤2年的RA患者,滑膜炎、骨侵蚀和腱鞘炎诊断的敏感度分别为81%～100%、48%、100%~67%~96%,特异度分别为64%～89%、16%~100%~21%~74%.病程>2年的RA患者,滑膜炎、骨侵蚀诊断的敏感度分别为91%、84%,特异度分别为70%、81%.结论 MRI显示滑膜炎对于早期和中晚期RA有诊断意义,骨侵蚀和腱鞘炎对于早期RA的诊断意义有待进一步研究.纳入研究样本量小,对照组病例缺乏代表性,建议设计严谨且更大样本病例的临床研究.

Abstract：

objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The major international databases was searched by computer and Other methods to collect control studies about MRI for the diagnosis of RA,the searching deadline was December 2009.Data were screened and extracted by inclusion criteria.Meta-disc software Was used for statistics,including sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio(OR)and heterogeneity analysis.Results Twelve random control tests were included.Meta-analysis indicated that sensitivities of vities of synovitis,bone-erosion and tendenosynovitis were 81%~100%,48%～100%and 67%～96%while specificities of them were 64%～89%,16%~100%and 21%-74%respectively for RA patients(≤2vears).Sensitivities of synovitis and bone-erosion were 91%and 84%while specificities of them were 70%and 81%for RA Datients (>2 years).Conclusion Synovitis shown by MRI is helpful for the diagnosis of earlv and med-to-late RA.Diagnostic values of bone-erosion and tendonosynovitis demonstrated by MRI for earlv RA were not clear.The sample size of the included studies is small and some studies lack of control groupsput the conclusion of this meta-analysis liable for bias.We suggest that better designed and larger sample clinical studies are necessary.     

罗格列酮通过p-ERK通路抑制类风湿关节炎滑膜成纤维细胞表达核因子κB受体激活配体

目的 探讨罗格列酮对类风湿关节炎患者滑膜成纤维细胞(RA-FLS)核因子κB受体激活配体(RANKL)和骨保护素表达的影响及信号传导通路。方法 原代培养RA-FLS,不同浓度罗格列酮（0、5、10、15、20 μmol/L）干预3 d,检测罗格列酮对RA-FLS增殖及RANKL、骨保护素mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,并检测0、15、20 μmol/L罗格列酮对RA-FLS p-ERK、p-p38、p-JNK蛋白表达的影响。多组间比.较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用Bonferroni法。结果 5、10、15、20 μmol/L罗格列酮干预可抑制RANKL mRNA (0.503±0.005、0.438±0.031、0.161±0.042、0.050±0.018）和蛋白(1.72 ±0.09、1.58±0.05、1.46±0.11、1.22±0.14)表达（F=200.820,F=13.602,均P＜0.01）,上调骨保护素mRNA (2.8±0.5、7.0±3.2、8.4±2.3、25.7±5.1)和蛋白(1.21±0.11、1.52±0.16、1.63±0.11、1.91 ±0.03)表达（F=26.531,F=24.872,均P＜0.01）,RANKI/骨保护素mRNA和蛋白比率降低（F=453.425,P＜0.01;F=4.173,P＜0.05）,且呈剂量依赖性;15、20μmol/L罗格列酮明显抑制p-ERK蛋白表达（0.55±0.06、0.45±0.06,F=6.991,P＜0.05）。结论 罗格列酮可能通过p-ERK信号途径抑制RA-FLS表达RANKL并上调骨保护素的表达。     

儿童溶血危象临床诊断探讨

目的以临床分析为基础,总结儿童急性溶血性贫血（简称急性溶贫）及溶血危象的特征,为＂溶血危象＂诊断提供临床依据。方法对83例急性溶贫患儿的病因、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及转归等情况进行回顾性分析。结果随着贫血程度加重,有乏力、苍白、气促、呕吐、酱油色尿、心脏Ⅲ级以上收缩期吹风样杂音临床表现的患儿比例越高;实验室检查中WBC、BUN、AST和LDH升高,以Hb≤70 g/L的患儿改变较为明显,溶血越严重,WBC和LDH升高越明显;血钾、CO2CP、ALT、网织红细胞计数在不同程度急性溶贫的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论溶血危象诊断要点：（1）确诊急性溶血性贫血;（2）Hb≤70 g/L,同时出现面色苍白、呕吐、酱油色尿、气促、心脏Ⅲ级以上收缩期吹风样杂音和肾功能异常等表现;或Hb≤60 g/L同时出现上述5种以上的表现。具备上述2种者应高度疑诊为溶血危象;（3）如伴有下列表现之一如高热、腹痛、血压下降、意识障碍、惊厥、心力衰竭或急性肾衰竭者即确诊溶血危象;（4）Hb≤30 g/L的极重度溶血性贫血,无论患者的表现如何,均应诊断为溶血危象;（5）外周血WBC〉18×109个/L、血清LDH〉800 IU/L有助于溶血危象的诊断。     

急性心肌梗死早期不典型心电图8例分析

目的 分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期不典型心电图的特征,以减少漏诊、误诊率,提高对AMI的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析8例AMI患者早期不典型心电图资料.结果 8例不典型心电图均见于AMI早期,3例出现ST段弓背样抬高及T波倒置;2例出现右胸导联V1～V3呈前间壁心肌梗死QRS波形;2例出现Qv3～Qv6未达到病理性Q波标准,但Q波的深度和宽度>下一导联的Q波,即Qv3>Qv4、Qv5>Qv6;1例在V4～V6导联的R波起始部有顿挫或切迹>0.5 mm的负向波.结论 对疑似AMI心电图不典型的患者,必须进行连续心电图动态观察,并进行前后对比,如果有必要再选择合适的附加导联描记,以提高AMI的诊断率.     

不同性别2型糖尿病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨江苏省成人2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）与代谢综合征（MS）组分的相关性。方法测定T2DM患者（男438例,女300例）的GGT、血脂、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血压、腰围等。结果①随着GGT四分位数的升高,男、女2组的体质量指数（BMI）、三酰甘油（TG）、FINS及稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗（HOMA—IR）指数升高;②男性组的GGT与腰围、BMI、舒张压（DBP）、TG、总胆固醇（TC）、FINS及MS组分数呈正相关,女性组的GGT与TG呈正相关（P均〈0．01）;③男、女性组GGT与HOMA—IR呈正相关（P均〈0．05）;④线性回归模型的结果显示,男性组中GGT水平主要受腰围及TG水平的影响,女性组中GGT水平主要受TG水平的影响。结论T2DM患者血清GGT与胰岛素抵抗及MS组分相关,同时在MS各组分中,GGT与TG水平最具相关性,提示GGT可能与肝脏胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能影响的比较

目的 比较不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响.方法 拟行非心脏手术患者1000例,年龄18～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=200):异氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(IPF组)、异氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(IR组)、七氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(SPF组)、七氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(SR组)和异丙酚+瑞芬太尼组(PR组).麻醉维持:IPF组和SPF组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚,TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,间断静脉注射芬太尼;IR组、SR组和PR组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚或TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度2～6 ng/ml.选择同期住院的非手术患者200例作为对照组(C组).于术前1 d、出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用MMSE量表进行认知功能评分.于出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用Z计分法评判认知功能障碍.结果 与C组比较,IPF组、IR组、SPF组、SR组和PR组出麻醉恢复室时MMSE评分降低,出麻醉恢复室时及术后1 d时认知功能障碍的发生率升高(P＜0.05);与IPF组、IR组、SPF组和PR组比较,SR组术后认知功能障碍的发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响较小.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of methods of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods One thousand ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 200 each) : isoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group IPF); isoflurane + remifentanil group (group IR) ; sevoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group SPF) ; sevoflurane + remifentanil group (group SR) ; propofol + remifentanil group (group PR) . Two hundred non-operative patients served as control group (group C) . In groups IPF and SPF, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71 % sevoflurane, TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2-5 μg/ml, and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. In groups IR, SR and PR, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71% sevoflurane, or TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2- 5 μg/ml, and TCI of remifentanil with the target plasma concentration of 2-6 ng/ml. The patients' cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 1 d before operation, while leaving postanesthesia care unit (PACU) , and at 1 and 3 d after operation. The Z score was used to identify the cognitive dysfunction as recommended by Moller while leaving PACU, and at 1 and 3 d after operation. Results Compared with group C, the MMSE score was significantly decreased while leaving PACU , and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction increased while leaving PACU and at 1 d after operation in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with groups IPF,IR,SPF and PR, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was significantly increased in group SR ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion General anesthesia with sevoflurane combined remifentanil exerts less effect on the postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.     

体外循环下小儿肌部室间隔缺损的镶嵌治疗

目的 探讨镶嵌模式(hybrid procedure)治疗小儿肌部室间隔缺损(Mvsd)的手术方法及临床应用.方法 2006年1月至2010年6月,在体外循环心内直视手术下采用手术及封堵相结合的镶嵌技术矫治小儿Mvsd 45例,其中男20例,女25例;年龄52天～12岁;体重3～32 kg.7例为单个Mvsd,38例为多发性VSD.同时合并大血管错位(D-TGA)1例、法洛四联症(TOF)2例、肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)6例、房间隔缺损(ASD)6例、主动脉缩窄1例.均在心脏停跳后直视下将导引钢丝经三尖瓣孔自心脏右室面穿过VSD至左室面,直视下置入导引器,然后送入封堵器,完成Mvsd封堵.多发性VSD 38例,予自体心包片修补膜周部等较大的VSD,心内其他畸形同期完成矫治.结果 42例置入单枚封堵器(直径4～10 mm)、3例置入双枚封堵器(直径4～7 mm).手术经过顺利,术前左室射血分数(EF)均在正常范围,术后1天小于8月龄组EF均值低于正常,大于8月龄组EF正常,两者差异有统计学意义.术后常规每天给予5 mg/kg肠溶阿司匹林3～6个月.术后随访超声检查示封堵器位置无偏移,无残余分流,无二尖瓣、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度传导阻滞及新发心律失常等.术后因重症感染放弃治疗1例,无远期死亡病例.结论 体外循环下镶嵌技术治疗小儿 Mvsd明显降低了围手术期并发症及病死率,简化了手术过程,降低了手术风险,是一种安全、有效的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the technique and clinical experience of hybrid procedure under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD). Methods From January 2006 to June 2010, 45 cases of mVSD underwent hybrid procedure with CPB. mVSDs were closed with devices under direct vision in 45 cases. Of them, there were 20 males and 25 females. They ranged from 52 days to 12 years [mean (2.05 ±2.48) year] in age and from 3 to 30 kg [(11.93 ±7.70)kg] in body weight. Preoperatively, most of children were highly susceptible to respiratory tract infections. The hybrid approach was used in all patients with CPB under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The diameter of mVSDs ranged from 2 to 7 mm under TEE. Of 45 cases, 40 patients had increased rates of pulmonary blood flow. 29 patients had left axis deviation and 12 cases had sinus arrhythmia on electrocardiography (ECG). 19 had other congenital heart lesions, including transposition of great arteries in 1 case, tetralogy of Fallot in 2, pulmonary artery stenosis in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 6, atrial septal defects in 6) and aorta coactation in 1. The quantity of VSDs were from 1 to 7 (single, in 7; two, in 24 case; three, in 8 case; four, in 5 case and seven, in lease. 37 patients were combined with pulmonary hypertension in our cohort. 38 patients with another large VSD and 19 with other congenital heart lesions were required surgical repair at sometime. Results The hybrid procedures were undertaken in all 45 cases of this cohort. All cases were successful and no deaths occurred during operation. A total of 48 devices were implanted in 45 patients, including single devices in 42 cases (device size ranged from 4 to 10 mm) and two devices in 3 cases (device size ranged from 4 -7 mm). The average time on CPB was (58.28 ±20.70) min , while aortic crossclamp time was(34. 94 ± 14.75) min. In addition, the time on mechanical ventilation postoperatively ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. Compared to the older children, 20 infante aged less than 8 monhad a significant difference in cardiac function in the early postoperative period. One infant was given up treatment because of serious infection. Anather cases recovered with the use of supportive treatment, such as using vasoactive agents, digoxin, inhaling nitric oxide, diuresis, and so on. The enteric-coated aspirin was given at dose of 5 mg ? kg -1. day -1 for a period of 3 to 6 months as usual postoperatively. All patients attended follow-up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-procedure. No major complications were encountered during this period. All cases were no instance of migration of any of the devices, residual shunt, aortic regurgitation, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, Ⅲo atrial-ventricular conduction block, new arrhythmia, and so on. There are no death in long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hybrid procedure is safe and effective for the closure of congenital heart defects in children.     

补肾止颤方联合埋针对帕金森病大鼠行为学及黑质区自由基清除的影响

目的观察补肾止颤方联合埋针对帕金森病(PD)大鼠行为学、中脑黑质区自由基清除的影响。方法将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(10只)和造模组(30只),造模组采用蛋白酶抑制因子皮下注射法制作PD模型后,随机分为模型组、多巴丝肼组、针药结合组,各10只。模型组、假手术组均予生理盐水1mL/(100g·d)灌胃;多巴丝肼组予多巴丝肼200mg/(kg·d)灌胃;针药结合组予补肾止颤方1mL/(100g·d)灌胃,并结合埋针。各组均予隔天(每周一、周三、周五)治疗,治疗3周后观察大鼠行为学及中脑黑质区谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化脂质(LPO)含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显降低(P <0.01);LPO含量显著升高(P <0.01);且模型组大鼠的网格试验和平衡杆试验移动潜伏期及过杆时间均显著延长(P <0.01)。与模型组比较,多巴丝肼组和针药结合组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均明显升高(P <0.01),针药结合组GSH含量和GSH-Px、SOD活性均高于多巴丝肼组(P <0.05);多巴丝肼组和针药结合组LPO含量均明显降低(P <0.01),针药结合组LPO含量低于多巴丝肼组(P <0.05);多巴丝肼组和针药结合组的网格试验及平衡杆试验移动潜伏期和过杆时间均明显缩短(P <0.01),针药结合组网格试验及平衡杆试验移动潜伏期及过杆时间均较多巴丝肼组显著缩短(P <0.05)。结论补肾止颤方联合埋针能使PD大鼠的行为学明显改善;并能显著增强中脑黑质区自由基清除能力,从而保护黑质区多巴胺能神经元细胞。