全麻手术患者LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩气道管理的效果

目的 比较全麻手术患者LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻手术患者80例,年龄18～70岁,体重45～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=40):LMAS喉罩组(L组)和SLIPA喉罩组(S组).麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,行机械通气.记录MAP和HR、喉罩置入情况、喉罩置入时间、气道密闭压、最高气道压、平均气道压、置入喉罩后返流和误吸的发生情况、拔除喉罩后粘血的发生情况及术毕和术后24 h内咽痛的发生情况.结果 两组MAP和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组喉罩全部置入成功,一次置入成功率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与L组比较,S组喉罩置入时间延长,气道密闭压降低(P＜0.05),最高气道压和平均气道压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组均未发生返流和误吸.与L组比较,S组喉罩粘血和术毕咽痛的发生率升高(P＜0.05),术后24 h内咽痛的发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 LMAS喉罩和SLIPA喉罩置入简单易行,气道密封效果好,可有效保证通气,不良反应少.LMAS喉罩用于全麻手术患者气道管理的效果更好.     

低流量七氟烷吸入麻醉时不同二氧化碳吸收剂环路中化合物A浓度的比较及其对患者肝肾功能的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents (Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus , Sodasorb,Sodasorb LF) on the production of compound A during low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods Twenty-seven ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-64 years were randomly assigned to three groups according to different CO2 absorbents: Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus' group (group D, n = 10), Sodasorb group (group S, n = 10) and Sodasorb LF group (group LF, n = 7). Anesthesia was maintained with low-flow (500 ml/min) sevoflurane inhalation (with the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of approximately 2% ). At 2 h after low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, gas samples were taken from the expiratory limb of the circuit. Compound A was detected by gas chromatography. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (BR), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels were measured before (T0 ) and 24 h after operation (T1).Results The three groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight and height. After 2 h of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, compound A concentrations in the expiratory limb of the circuit were 11.6 ± 5.8 (group D), 2.1 ± 1.9 (group S)and ＜ 0.1 ppm (group LF), respectively. There were no significant changes in the serum ALT, AST, BR, BUN and Cr levels at 24 h after operation as compared with the preoperative baseline values in the three groups.Conclusion After 2 h of low-flow (500 ml/min) sevoflurane anesthesia, compound A concentrations within the circuit with different CO2 absorbents ( Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus' , Sodasorb, Sodasorb LF) are less than 50 ppm, with the lowest in Sodasorb LF.However, they have no significant effects on hepatic or renal function.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像定位像CT值与管电流关系的研究

Objective To characterize the association between the mean CT value on a scout view and the dependent mA selection method, and to evaluate the clinical value of a mA selection method based on scout view mean CT value in obtaining individualized scan protocol and consistent image quality for patient population on 64-row MSCT CT coronary angiography (CTCA).Methods One hundred patients (group A) underwent CCTA consecutively using standard protocol with a fixed mA.The mean CT value of a fixed ROI (region of interest) from the scout AP view and the CTCA image noise (standard deviation on the root of ascending aorta) were measured.The correlation between CT values and noise was studied establish a formula and a list to determine the required mA for obtaining a consistent CTCA image noise based on the measured SV CT value.Another 100 patients (group B) were scanned using the same parameters as group A except the mA and the CT value was also measured.The mA was determined by the list established previously.The CTCA image quality (IQ) as well as the image noise (IN) and the effective dose (ED) from the two groups were statistically analyzed using t-test.The CT findings for the 32 patients in the group B were also compared with the selective coronary angiography (SCA) results.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for detection of significant stenosis were obtained.Results The formula between the required mA and the CT value was : XmA=FmA×[(K1×CTscout + C1)/INa]2.The CCTA images in B group had statistically higher IN (27.66±2.57,22.22±4.17,t=11.33, P=0.000), but no statistical difference between IQ scores for the two groups (3.29±0.66,3.37±0.67,t=0.009, P=0.990), and ED[(8.72±2.51) versus (12.53±0.90) mSv]was 30% lower for the B group (P<0.01).For the 32 patients in the B group who had SCA, the CCTA sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and stenosis detection accuracy were 94.92% (56/59), 92.13% (82/89) ,88.89% (56/63) ,96.47% (82/85) and 93.24% (138/148) wspectively for stenosis greater than 50%.Conclusion The mA selection method based on the SV CT value for CCTA in 64-row MSCT provides individualized protocol to obtain consistent image quality and to optimize dose delivery to patients.     

单通道经皮肾镜取石术结合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石

目的:探讨单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石的手术效果.方法:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石96例.结石大小2.9cm×3.4 cm～3.8 cm×5.5 cm,平均3.5 cm×4.2 cm.结果:96例均采用单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石,一期手术平均手术时间为118 min;结石清除率为82.3%(79/96),二期手术平均手术时间为55 min,结石总清除率92.7%(89/96).7例患者残留结石,大小0.3～1.0 cm,其中5例术后1个月接受ES-WL治疗.术后随访7例残留结石患者2～6个月,结石清除5例.结论:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、创伤小、并发症少、周围脏器损伤风险小等优点,可作为鹿角状肾结石的治疗方法.     

经皮穿针治疗肩锁关节脱位

目的：探讨应用闭式穿针方法治疗肩锁关节脱位效果.方法：1998年5月2000年2月用闭合穿针治疗肩锁关节脱位,采用入针点与标记点以及锁骨喙突粗隆三点定位技术,结果：全部病例均愈合,平均12．4个月,随访无感染及复发脱位,功能恢复良好。讨论：该方法固定可靠,简便,并发症少便于推广,可作为首选方法,如有复发可采用手术治疗。     

带非可吸收线锚钉系统治疗跟腱断裂

<正>跟腱断裂是创伤外科中较常见的疾病。临床大多采取手术治疗,术式和所用材料多样,各种并发症也多见报道。尤其是接近于止点处跟腱断裂的治疗,临床疗效不佳,腱骨融合率低,出现感染及跟腱再断概率较大。自2006年5月至2009年2月应用带非可吸收线锚钉系统治疗跟腱断裂28例,疗效满意,报告如下。1临床资料     

高频超声在手指伸肌腱闭合损伤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频超声诊断在手指伸肌腱闭合损伤中的诊断价值.方法 2005年4月至2008年10月,应用高频超声诊断指伸肌腱闭合损伤,对手术证实的21例患者的超声影像特征进行分析.结果 Ⅰ区伸肌腱损伤10例中,超声图像显示肌腱止点处低回声区,远节指骨基底向掌侧移位,动态观察主动伸指远节指骨无活动,其中3例合并末节指骨撕脱骨折,骨块均有移位.Ⅱ区损伤6例中,腱帽损伤完全断裂2例,表现为腱帽连续性中断,结构紊乱,局部有异常暗区,动态观察可见断端分离,伸腱滑向尺侧;腱帽损伤未断裂3例,表现为腱帽增厚,回声不均匀,结构不清;内固定损伤1例,可见内固定物在受损肌腱内穿过,肌腱滑动时受阻.Ⅲ区自发肌腱断裂5例,超声图像见肌腱内部回声不均匀,肌腱纤维混乱,肌腱连续性中断.结论 超声检查指伸肌腱闭合损伤是辅助诊断中的首选方法,为临床治疗提供依据.     

腕关节镜下治疗尺骨茎突骨折

目的 探讨腕关节镜监视下治疗尺骨茎突骨折的方法,以获得更好的治疗效果.方法 对15例尺骨茎突骨折的患者,在C臂透视机及腕关节镜监视下先将合并的桡骨远端骨折进行复位,经皮穿针内固定或切开复位钢板内固定,然后在腕关节镜下检查三角纤维软骨复合体(triangular fibrocartilage complex,TFCC)是否损伤,并作修整、清理等相应的处理,在关节镜监视下将尺骨茎突骨折复位,经皮作钢丝张力带内固定.结果 11例合并有TFCC损伤,经平均15.4个月的临床随访,X线片检查显示尺骨茎突骨折全部骨性愈合,骨性愈合时间平均5.2个月.按照Green-O'Brien功能评定方法进行腕关节功能评定,优良率为93.3%,无腕关节尺侧疼痛及腕关节不稳等并发症发生.结论 腕关节镜下治疗尺骨茎突骨折既可以对骨折进行有效的复位及固定,有利于骨折的愈合;又可以了解腕关节内TFCC等结构的损伤程度,便于早期处理,以免遗留慢性腕痛或腕关节不稳定.     

缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏免疫原性的影响

目的 观察缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏免疫原性的影响.方法 30只大鼠均分为3组,利用免疫荧光及Western blol检测缺血30min再灌注组及缺血60min再灌注组及对照组的肝脏中共刺激分子B7蛋白的表达水平.结果 正常肝脏B7-1、B7-2表达处于极低水平(0.035±0.005、0.025±0.004),缺血再灌注后肝脏B7-1、B7-2的蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01),缺血再灌注60min组的B7-1、B7-2的表达水平明显高于缺血30min再灌注组(B7-1:0.070±0.017比0.051±0.008,B7-2:0.042±0.004.比0.037±0.004,P<0.01).结论 缺血再灌注损伤使共刺激分子B7蛋白表达升高,提示缺血再灌注损伤可使移植肝免疫原性升高,这些均能促进急性排斥反应的发生.     

门静脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后早期门静脉血栓形成的预测

目的 探讨肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后,早期门静脉血栓形成(PVT)的易患因素及术后早期预测PVT的可能.方法 对2004年1月至2009年11月间,27例肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后早期PVT形成的患者,与同期住院的未发生PVT的37例患者进行临床资料的回顾分析与对比.结果 单因素及多因素分析显示,与肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后早期PVT形成有关的因素有4个,即术后术前PLT比值、术后D二聚体、术后全血黏度、术后门静脉流速.每例患者术后PVT的总的预测正确率为87.3%.结论 患者术后术前PLT比值、术后D二聚体、术后全血黏度增高、术后门静脉流速减缓是肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后早期PVT形成的易患因素.