Antisense Smad2 inhibits high glucose-stimulated production of extracellular matrix in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells

Transforminggrowthfactor-β1(TGF-β1)is amultifunctionalpolypeptidethatregulatesanum-berofcellularprocesses,includingcellprolifera-tion,differentiation,apoptosis,migration,matrix synthesis,andtheimmuneresponse[1,2].Inchron-icrenaldiseases,TGF-β1isakeymediatorofex-tracellularmatrix(ECM)accumulation[3].Oneof thetargetrenalcellsforTGF-β1isglomerular mesangialcellsthatarecapableofproducingcom-ponentsofECM,suchascollagens,lamininand fibronectin[4,5].Recentstudiesindicatedthatinhi-bitionofT…     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基cDNA的克隆初步报告

用新鲜的人绒毛膜组织，抽提组织总ＲＮＡ并通过逆转录反应合成ｃＤＮＡ第一链。利用人工合成的一对寡核苷酸引物，采用ＰＣＲ技术特异性地扩增ｈＣＧ－β－ｃＤＮＡ。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示扩增片段大小为５００ｂｐ，同预计的片段长度相符。将此片段利用Ｔ－Ａ载体克隆至ＰＣＲⅡ质粒上并进行全序列分析，结果显示克隆片段包含ｈＣＧ－βｃＤＮＡ５’端和３’端非编码区及完整的编码区。     

Raf-1 kinase,epidermal growth factor receptors,and mutant ras proteins in colonic carcinomas

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) andras mutations are known to play a significant role in controlling cell growth and tumor promotion. Both of them transmit mitogenic signals to the nucleus by activation of Raf-1 kinase. In this study, the expression of EGFR and mutant Ras proteins, and, for the first time, the expression, phosphorylation and kinase activity of Raf-1 kinase have been determined in paired samples of colorectal cancer and mucosa. The tumor and mucosa samples did not differ significantly with regard to Raf-1 kinase content and activity. A major difference between tumors and mucosa was found, however, in the phosphorylation of Raf-1. Most of the mucosa samples (13/20), but only 1/20 of the cancer samples, contained hyperphosphorylated Raf-1. EGFR were significantly (p=0.0025) decreased in the tumors. The decreased phosphorylation of Raf-1 in colonic carcinomas could be the result of activation of Raf-1 phosphatases or inactivation of kinases phosphorylating Raf-1. New forms of treatment based on EGFR overexpression do not seem to be suitable for the majority of colonic cancers.This work was supported by the state of Baden-Württemberg (Verbundforschungsprojekt: Aufklärung von Mechanismen der Tumorentstehung und Tumorabwehr).     

Elements of psychological support in nursing care

The paper presents the results of a pilot study which involved 50 nurses from several departments of internal medicine of The State Clinical Hospital of the Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The results are based on the Statement Response Questionnaire. They show that the most common responses of the nurses in the face of anxiety expressed by patients are cheering up the patient, collecting information about the symptom, and offering explanation of the symptom. The least common responses included expressing one's own positive emotions and showing empathy towards the patient.     

Influence of branch length on the dynamic fatigue properties of short-chain branched polyethylenes

An investigation of the influence of the short-chain branch length on the dynamic fatigue behavior of short-chain branched polyethylenes (SBPE) is reported. The number of fatigue failure cycles (N_f) increases significantly with increasing branch length at temperatures above the β-transition of SBPE polymers. In addition, an examination of the fracture surfaces of these specimens indicates a transition to a more ductile-type behavior when specimens are associated with larger branch lengths. Detailed characterization shows that these SBPEs have approximately the same molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, branch frequency, crystallinity or microstructure but different branch length. The difference in branch length is suggested to be responsible of the dramatic change in N_f and in the morphology of the fracture surface at temperatures above the β-transition of SBPEs. In contrast, no significant change in N_f and in the morphology of the fracture surface were found with increasing branch length at temperatures near or below the β-transition. This dramatic change in the effect of short-chain branches on N_f and on the morphology of the fracture surface are attributed to the change in the molecular relaxation motion at temperatures near the β-transition of SBPE polymers.     

气管与主支气管肿瘤的影像诊断（附32例报告）

作者对３２例经病理证实的气管与主支气管良、恶性肿瘤的影像学表现进行分析，归纳为３型：腔内型、壁增厚型和腔内外型。后２种类型提示恶性，而无蒂的腔内型表现者不能鉴别良，恶性。作者还评价了常规体层、ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ诊断气管与主支气管肿瘤的优、缺点，讨论了影像诊断的作用。     

胸部高分辨率CT检查技术的临床应用

笔者对５０例肺部疾病胸部常规ＣＴ和高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）图像进行了对照分析。其中特发性肺间质纤维化（ＩＦＰ）８例，肺转移癌５例，支气管扩张１５例，慢性阻塞性肺气肿１５例，周围型肺癌７例，结果表明：ＨＲＣＴ在ＩＦＰ、支气管扩张和肺气肿的显示明显优于常规ＣＴ（Ｐ＜０．００１），在对肺部原发或转移性肿瘤的显示能提供更多的诊断信息。笔者还讨论了ＨＲＣＴ的检查技术和图像后处理，分析了影响ＨＲＣＴ的若干因素，指出通过缩小视野（ＦＯＶ），减少象素做图像的重建放大显示肺部局部结构更为清楚方便，应灵活运用。     

nm23基因在前列腺癌中的表达与癌转移的关系

应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学染色方法，研究转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３表达产物二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。结果表明，ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３在前列腺癌中有较高的表达，阳性率为５００％（２０／４０）。无前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为６６７％（１２／１８），有前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为３６４％（８／２２），两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５），并与前列腺癌分化程度和临床分期有显著相关。因此，ｎｍ２３基因可能在前列腺癌形成及转移过程中起不同的调节作用，其表达程度与前列腺癌转移呈负相关，有可能成为评价前列腺癌病人预后的一项新指标。