中文版护士对触摸的舒适感量表的信效度研究

目的汉化护士对触摸的舒适感量表(Nurses' Comfort with Touch Scale,NCTS),并对其中文版的信度、效度进行检测。方法翻译、回译,文化调适,形成中文版NCTS,由专家小组对其内容效度进行评定;采用中文版NCTS对410名临床护士进行调查,对量表的结构效度,内部一致性进行评定。结果中文版NCTS探索性因子分析共提取5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为81.769%,验证性因子分析结果显示数据拟合良好。量表的Cronbach'α系数为0.966,重测信度为0.921,内容效度为0.901。结论中文版的NCTS具有良好的信度和效度,可以用来评估护士触摸病人时的内心舒适程度,探讨其触摸意愿,为今后触摸疗法在护理领域广泛应用提供理论依据。     

Primary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Thyroid: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thyroid is an uncommon malignancy of the thyroid. Because it is rare, fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature, and the sonographic features of only 2 cases have been reported between the 1980s and 2014. Here we report 2 cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thyroid with an emphasis on the sonographic findings, and we review the published literature.     

无X线监视下支气管超声导向鞘技术在肺周围性病变诊断中的应用

目的评价无X线监视下支气管超声导向鞘技术（EBUS-GS）对肺周围性病变（PPLs）的诊断价值及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年2月在北京大学肿瘤医院内镜中心接受EBUS-GS的52例PPLs患者的临床病理资料，评价EBUS-GS的诊断率及安全性，并对影响诊断率的因素进行分析。本研究对多种情况下的诊断率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果52例PPLs患者中男26例，女26例；年龄22~78岁，平均（55.6±10.0）岁。52例患者中47例患者（90.4%）的病灶可在支气管超声图像中显示，共有39例（75.0%）经EBUS-GS获得明确诊断。在EBUS-GS诊断PPLs方面：EBUS-GS对恶性病变的诊断率高于对良性病变的诊断率，差异具有统计学意义（82.2% vs 28.6%，χ²=6.658，P=0.010）；联合刷检、活检及肺泡灌洗中2种或3种方式取检的诊断率高于仅采用单一方式取检的诊断率，差异具有统计学意义（80.4% vs 33.3%，χ²=4.019，P=0.045）；超声探头位于病灶内部者的诊断率明显高于位于病灶边缘或病灶外部者，差异具有统计学意义（85.3% vs 55.6%，χ²=4.078，P=0.043）；病灶位于肺野内带及中带者的诊断率明显高于位于肺野外带者，差异具有统计学意义（86.1% vs 50.0%，χ²=5.898，P=0.015）。CT测得的不同大小病灶的诊断率比较，不同肺叶病灶诊断率比较，最终确诊的45例恶性病例中前15例与后30例诊断率的比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。1例（1.9%）患者术中出血量较多，7例患者（13.5%）术中出现一过性低氧血症，提高鼻导管氧流量后缓解；22例患者（42.3%）术后24 h内出现咳痰，可见少量血丝，未予特殊处理；无气胸、感染等情况发生。 结论在单纯使用VBN而不联合X线监视的条件下，EBUS-GS是一种诊断PPLs安全且有效的方法。     

MMP-9在骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究骨肉瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(mmp-9)的表达情况,分析其与骨肉瘤肺转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测42例骨肉瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(mmp-9)的表达。结果非转移组5例阳性、转移组16例阳性、卡方值为9.54,P<0.05。组间有显著差异。结论mmp-9可以作为骨肉瘤发生肺转移的标志物。     

2018年欧洲消化内镜学会急性坏死性胰腺炎内镜治疗多学科循证指南解读

急性胰腺炎有20%的患者为急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP），其中约38%患者需要干预治疗，传统的干预治疗是开腹清创术，但并发症发生率和病死率较高。近10余年来微创技术发展迅速，微创升阶梯疗法已成为一线干预方案，但仍缺少高质量的证据，APN尚无标准治疗方法。本文对2018年欧洲消化内镜学会制定的ANP内镜治疗多学科循证指南进行解读，旨在阐明APN的诊断标准以及介入、内镜和手术在微创升阶梯治疗的作用和内镜下坏死组织清创术的技术方法，以期为临床医师提供指导。     

CGRP在大鼠胃痛觉过敏形成机制中的作用

目的:探索降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)相关的干预措施对胃痛觉过敏的影响,了解CGRP在胃痛觉过敏形成过程中发挥的作用．方法:成年SD古大鼠,均植入胃内气囊．观察伤害性扩张或CGRP iv对大鼠疼痛阈值的影响:观察由上述措施诱发内脏过敏的大鼠在给予CGRP受体特异性拮抗剂hCGRP8-37后疼痛阈值的变化:观察不同剂量CGRP和hCGRP8-37对疼痛阈值的影响．结果:CGRP iv后胃疼痛阈值为11．7±2．6 mmHg,对照组疼痛阈值为19．2±2．0 mmHg,生理盐水对照组则为18．3±2．5 mmHg,实验组与其他两组比较尸均<0．05．CGRP使大鼠的疼痛阈值降低．hCGRP8-37能逆转伤害性扩张和CGRP引起的内脏敏感性增高,该作用呈剂量依赖性(r=0．821,P<0．01)．结论:胃扩张刺激能引起胃敏感性增高,在此过程中CGRP具有重要的作用．     

Residents’ Willingness to Maintain Contracts with Family Doctors: a Cross-sectional Study in China

BackgroundMost previous studies of the family doctor contract services (FDCS) evaluated its quality by using residents’ signing rates, awareness, and satisfaction. We hypothesize that renewal willingness could be another important indicator to examine the quality of FDCS.ObjectiveTo measure residents’ willingness to maintain contracts with family doctors and examine the influencing factors.DesignCross-sectional study.Participants11,250 residents in 31 provincial administrative regions across China.Main MethodsA multistage stratified random sampling method was used to recruit participants. Univariate analysis, mixed-effect regression model analysis, and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the influencing factors of residents’ willingness to maintain contracts with family doctors.Key ResultsAbout 71.3% participants who contracted with and received healthcare services from family doctors were willing to maintain contracts with family doctors in China. Residents registering as local households (OR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.039–1.368), enrolled in medical insurance (OR = 1.299, 95% CI = 1.011–1.668), reporting better health (OR = 1.246, 95% CI = 1.100–1.413), with shorter walking time to the nearest healthcare center (compared with > 30 min walking time, < 15 min: OR = 1.209, 95% CI = 1.003–1.458; 15–30 min: OR = 1.288, 95% CI = 1.124–1.475), and trusting in (OR = 4.403, 95% CI = 3.849–5.036) and satisfied with (OR = 18.514, 95% CI = 16.195–21.165) their family doctors had significantly higher willingness to maintain contracts with family doctors.ConclusionsResidents’ willingness to maintain contracts with family doctors could be another evaluation indicator of the quality of FDCS in China. Improving the accessibility and quality of healthcare services from family doctors may increase residents’ willingness to keep contracts with family doctors and promote the implementation of FDCS.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06306-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.KEY WORDS: renewal willingness, family practice, family doctor contract service, influencing factors, Chinese     

Candidate colorectal cancer predisposing gene variants in Chinese early-onset and familial cases

AIM: To investigate whether whole-exome sequencing may serve as an efficient method to identify known or novel colorectal cancer(CRC) predisposing genes in early-onset or familial CRC cases.METHODS: We performed whole-exome sequencing in 23 Chinese patients from 21 families with nonpolyposis CRC diagnosed at ≤ 40 years of age, or from multiple affected CRC families with at least 1 firstdegree relative diagnosed with CRC at ≤ 55 years of age.Genomic DNA from blood was enriched for exome sequences using the Sure Select Human All Exon Kit, version 2(Agilent Technologies) and sequencing was performed on an Illumina Hi Seq 2000 platform.Data were processed through an analytical pipeline to search for rare germline variants in known or novel CRC predisposing genes.RESULTS: In total, 32 germline variants in 23 genes were identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.In 6 of the 21 families(29%), we identified 7 mutations in 3 known CRC predisposing genes including MLH1(5 patients), MSH2(1 patient), and MUTYH(biallelic, 1 patient), five of which were reported as pathogenic.Inthe remaining 15 families, we identified 20 rare and novel potentially deleterious variants in 19 genes, six of which were truncating mutations.One previously unreported variant identified in a conserved region of EIF2AK4(p.Glu738_Asp739insA rgA rg) was found to represent a local Chinese variant, which was significantly enriched in our early-onset CRC patient cohort compared to a control cohort of 100 healthy Chinese individuals scored negative by colonoscopy(33.3% vs 7%, P 0.001).CONCLUSION: Whole-exome sequencing of early-onset or familial CRC cases serves as an efficient method to identify known and potential pathogenic variants in established and novel candidate CRC predisposing genes.