外伤性脾破裂腹腔镜与开腹脾切除临床研究

【摘要】〓目的〓对比腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)与开腹脾切除术(OS)在外伤性脾破裂治疗的临床疗效,探讨LS的可行性、安全性。方法〓将45例外伤性脾破裂患者根据手术方式分为腹腔镜组(LS组)和开腹组(OS组)。LS组18例,OS组27例,比较2种术式的手术时间、手术出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间以及并发症发生率。结果〓LS组的平均手术时间与OS组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间以及并发症发生率均优于OS组。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论〓腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床疗效优于传统开腹手术,在临床上是可行、安全有效的。     

腹腔镜结肠、直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的临床对比(320例分析)

【摘要】〓目的〓比较腹腔镜结肠、直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析我院2009年7月至2014年12月期间行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术156例患者及同期行开腹结直肠癌根治术164例患者的临床资料,比较两组患者的淋巴结清扫数目、切口长度、手术所需时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症发生情况、住院时间及3年生存率。结果〓腔镜组与开腹组的淋巴结活检数目分别为分别为12.89±3.44枚和14.33±3.38枚,两组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。腔镜组与开腹组的切口长度分别为5.10±1.60 cm和15.2±2.51 cm,手术时间分别为196.75±21.54 min和153.82±14.85 min,术中出血量分别为85.63±35.73 mL和182.02±65.73 mL,下床活动时间分别为4.0±1.41天和6.8±1.82 天,肛门排气时间分别为 2.63±1.33天和4.70±1.39天,住院时间分别为10.76±2.10天和16.42±1.95天,住院总费用分别为3.69±0.30万元和3.03±0.37万元,两组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。腔镜组和开腹组并发症的发生率分别为5.8%和12.1%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论〓腹腔镜下结肠、直肠癌根治术安全、有效,与传统开腹手术相比,存在创伤更小、术后恢复更快的优点,远期疗效与开腹手术相当。     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

带植入腓肠神经的游离骨间背皮瓣修复指腹皮肤缺损

目的探讨带植入腓肠神经的骨间背游离皮瓣修复指腹皮肤缺损,同时吻接植入神经重建指腹感觉功能的可行性。方法对11例(11指)指腹创面在未能带有前臂后侧皮神经的游离骨间背皮瓣皮下植入腓肠神经,然后移植修复指腹创面,同时吻接植入神经重建指腹感觉功能。结果 11例(11指)指腹创面均修复中皮瓣切取面积最小2 cm×1 cm,最大4 cm×3.8 cm。术后随访12~24个月,11例皮瓣均成活,感觉功能得到较好修复。结论带有植入腓肠神经的游离骨间背皮瓣既能修复指腹创面,同时吻接植入神经能重建指腹感觉功能,效果满意。     

Recipient Myd88 Deficiency Promotes Spontaneous Resolution of Kidney Allograft Rejection

The myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) adapter protein is an important mediator of kidney allograft rejection, yet the precise role of MyD88 signaling in directing the host immune response toward the development of kidney allograft rejection remains unclear. Using a stringent mouse model of allogeneic kidney transplantation, we demonstrated that acute allograft rejection occurred equally in MyD88-sufficient (wild-type [WT]) and MyD88^−/− recipients. However, MyD88 deficiency resulted in spontaneous diminution of graft infiltrating effector cells, including CD11b⁻Gr-1⁺ cells and activated CD8 T cells, as well as subsequent restoration of near-normal renal graft function, leading to long-term kidney allograft acceptance. Compared with T cells from WT recipients, T cells from MyD88^−/− recipients failed to mount a robust recall response upon donor antigen restimulation in mixed lymphocyte cultures ex vivo. Notably, exogenous IL-6 restored the proliferation rate of T cells, particularly CD8 T cells, from MyD88^−/− recipients to the proliferation rate of cells from WT recipients. Furthermore, MyD88^−/− T cells exhibited diminished expression of chemokine receptors, specifically CCR4 and CXCR3, and the impaired ability to accumulate in the kidney allografts despite an otherwise MyD88-sufficient environment. These results provide a mechanism linking the lack of intrinsic MyD88 signaling in T cells to the effective control of the rejection response that results in spontaneous resolution of acute rejection and long-term graft protection.     

Chronic unilateral locked facet joint with spinal cord injury in a 26-month-old child: A case report

Objectives

This study presents the successful posterior surgical reduction and fusion on a 26-month-old child with chronic unilateral locked facet joint and spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

A 26-month-old child with chronic unilateral locked facet joint and SCI treated by posterior surgical reduction and fusion. Plaster external fixation was applied and rehabilitation exercise was trained post-operatively.

Results

Chronic unilateral locked facet joint was reduced successfully and bone fusion of C4/5 was achieved 3 months after surgery. The function of both lower limbs was improved 1 year after surgery, aided with physical rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Unilateral locked facet joint in pediatric population is rare. Few clinical experiences were found in the literature. Non-surgical treatment has advantages of not being invasive and is preferred for acute patients; however, it may not be suitable for chronic unilateral locked facet joint with SCI, in which surgical intervention is needed.     

Early Changes in Liver Distribution Following Implementation of Share 35

In June 2013, a change to the liver waitlist priority algorithm was implemented. Under Share 35, regional candidates with MELD ≥ 35 receive higher priority than local candidates with MELD < 35. We compared liver distribution and mortality in the first 12 months of Share 35 to an equivalent time period before. Under Share 35, new listings with MELD ≥ 35 increased slightly from 752 (9.2% of listings) to 820 (9.7%, p = 0.3), but the proportion of deceased‐donor liver transplants (DDLTs) allocated to recipients with MELD ≥ 35 increased from 23.1% to 30.1% (p < 0.001). The proportion of regional shares increased from 18.9% to 30.4% (p < 0.001). Sharing of exports was less clustered among a handful of centers (Gini coefficient decreased from 0.49 to 0.34), but there was no evidence of change in CIT (p = 0.8). Total adult DDLT volume increased from 4133 to 4369, and adjusted odds of discard decreased by 14% (p = 0.03). Waitlist mortality decreased by 30% among patients with baseline MELD > 30 (SHR = 0.70, p < 0.001) with no change for patients with lower baseline MELD (p = 0.9). Posttransplant length‐of‐stay (p = 0.2) and posttransplant mortality (p = 0.9) remained unchanged. In the first 12 months, Share 35 was associated with more transplants, fewer discards, and lower waitlist mortality, but not at the expense of CIT or early posttransplant outcomes.     

“桥”式修补术治疗阴道前壁膨出的疗效分析

目的 探讨阴道前壁“桥”式缝合术治疗阴道前壁脱垂的疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2007年7月至2013年5月,采用手术治疗阴道前壁脱垂58例患者的临床资料,其中阴道前壁“桥”式缝合术30例,传统的阴道前壁修补术28例;比较两种术式的近期疗效.结果 阴道前壁“桥”式缝合术的手术时间为(21.50±3.80) min,术中出血量为(30.00 ±3.20)ml,术后复发率为3.33％,与传统术式的手术时间(48.50±3.50) min、术中出血量(74.00±5.60) ml、术后复发率14.29％进行比较,其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 与传统术式比较,“桥”式缝合术治疗阴道前壁脱垂的手术时间短,术中出血少,术后复发率低,近期疗效满意.