Effectiveness of oral appliances versus continuous positive airway pressure in treatment of OSA patients: An updated meta-analysis

Objective: To update the meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of oral appliance (OA) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Ovid, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Science Source, The Cochrane Library, and Embase database were searched for RCTs until 23 May 2017. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results: Sixteen RCTs were included. Compared with OA, CPAP significantly decreased AHI, min SaO2, ARI, ESS (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in REM%, FOSQ, BP (p ≥ 0.05). OA significantly improved REM% in the severe groups and ESS in the adjustable OA group (p < 0.05). OA shared greater preference.

Conclusion: Even though CPAP can better decrease the severity of OSA, more patients opted for OA, which showed better results in severe patients, especially adjustable OA.     

不同类型附着体种植覆盖义齿的临床疗效评价

目的总结与评价应用不同类型附着体的种植覆盖义齿的临床效果。方法对28例无牙颌患者分别采用种植体支持的磁附着体、杆卡式、套筒冠、球帽式覆盖义齿随访及效果进行对比评价。观察随访,定期拍摄X线片及口腔检查,观察种植体骨吸收和软组织状况,并对使用4种类型覆盖义齿的患者进行满意度调查和并发症分析。结果除1例磁附着体覆盖义齿患者发生3枚种植体脱落现象外,其余种植体均稳定。不同类型附着体种植覆盖义齿的骨吸收量、牙龈指数和满意度评价的差异均无统计学意义﹙P>0.05﹚;患者戴牙前后的义齿总体满意度、义齿固位及稳定情况、咀嚼效率、舒适度方面有明显的改善(P<0.05﹚。结论各类种植体支持的覆盖义齿稳定舒适,咀嚼功能增强,患者对满意度有较高的评价,提高了无牙颌患者的生存质量。     

Choroidal thickening in retinal vein occlusion patients with serous retinal detachment

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To evaluate choroid thickness and macular retinal metrics in treatment naïve retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients with...     

A highly hydrophilic benzenesulfonic-grafted graphene oxide-based hybrid membrane for ethanol dehydration

A new type of hybrid membrane was prepared by blending sodium alginate (SA) with benzenesulfonic-grafted graphene oxide (BS@GO), which showed higher hydrophilicity and more defects or edges than GO to create channels for the transfer of water molecules. BS@GO was synthesized by reacting aryl diazonium salts with graphene oxide (GO). The BS@GO sheets were aligned parallelly to the membrane surface and affected the interactions between the SA chains. BS@GO could improve the hydrophilicity and pervaporation properties of SA-based hybrid membranes. Also, compared to GO fillers, BS@GO fillers could supply higher water permeance to improve the pervaporation flux and separation factor. For the pervaporation of 90 wt% aqueous ethanol at 343 K, the optimum hybrid membrane with 1.5 wt% BS@GO in the SA matrix showed the maximum permeate flux of 703 ± 89 g m⁻² h⁻¹ (1.4 times higher than that of an SA membrane), and the highest separation factor was 5480 ± 94 (5.6 times higher than that of the SA membrane). Moreover, the hybrid membrane exhibited good stability and separation ability during long-term testing.

A new type of hybrid membrane was prepared by blending sodium alginate with benzenesulfonic-grafted graphene oxide, which showed higher hydrophilicity and more defects or edges than GO to create channels for the transfer of water molecules.     

Fresh-stored osteochondral allografts for the treatment of femoral head defects: surgical technique and preliminary results

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to present the preliminary clinical and radiographic outcomes of the treatment of femoral head osteochondral defects in eight consecutive symptomatic patients with fresh-stored osteochondral allografts via a trochanteric osteotomy.

Methods

This study included all consecutive patients treated in our department between 2008 and 2010 for worsening pain and mechanical symptoms of femoral head osteochondral defects. Each patient had preoperative routine hip radiographs and a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging study that determined and recorded the defect size and femoral head diameters. Allograft donors were identified through the Multiple Organ Retrieval and Exchange program (Ontario, Canada).

Results

The osteochondral defects were secondary to osteochondritis dissecans in four patients, avascular necrosis in three and femoral head fracture without dislocation in one. The patients’ average age at surgery was 23.7 (range 17–42), and the average follow-up was 41 months (range 24–54). Follow-up included clinical and radiographic examinations at standard intervals. The average Harris hip scores improved from 57.7 (range 50–65) points preoperatively to 83.9 (range 72–94) points at latest follow-up. Five patients had good-to-excellent clinical outcomes, and one had a fair outcome. One patient was converted to a total hip arthroplasty due to progression of arthritis. Another patient’s graft subsided and he underwent a successful repeat transplantation. An additional patient required the removal of the screws transfixing her trochanter due to persistent irritation.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that fresh-stored osteochondral allograft transplantation using a trochanteric slide and surgical dislocation is a viable treatment option for femoral head defects in young patients.     

自制一体化交接单在脑血管介入患者中的应用

自制一体化脑血管介入术患者的交接单,观察运用此种交接单后效果。将2015年6月至2016年6月在我科拟行颈动脉支架置入术的患者360例按随机数字表法随机分为观察组及对照组;对照组180例给予介入术前术后常规护理,观察组180例在对照组基础上使用自行设计的脑血管介入术前术后一体化交接单。观察组患者的高灌注综合征发生率低于对照组,患者满意度、护理交接漏项、平均住院日以及护士对患者病情掌握情况均优于对照组（ P＜0.05）。脑血管介入患者一体化交接单的使用规范、简洁、高效,符合神经内科临床护理工作需要,避免了术前术后交接工作的遗漏,减少了高灌注综合征的发生率,提高了术后患者的安全性管理,提高了护士对患者病情的掌握从而提高了护理质量。     

三维颅脑容积成像增强扫描显示颈静脉孔区脑神经病变

目的 观察三维颅脑容积成像（3D-BRAVO）增强序列显示颈静脉孔区脑神经病变的价值。方法 纳入22例静脉孔区脑神经病变患者,包括脑膜癌病10例、神经鞘瘤6例、神经纤维瘤2例,梅毒、脑膜瘤、脊索瘤及甲状腺乳头状癌转移癌各1例,分析其常规平扫序列、增强扫描及3D-BRAVO增强序列图像,对薄层图像行多平面重建,对比观察各序列显示静脉孔区脑神经病变的效果。结果 常规平扫及增强MRI仅能显示低位脑神经的脑池段。颈静脉孔内静脉丛在增强序列3D-BRAVO中强化明显,其内走行的神经呈线状低信号,与静脉丛形成鲜明对比,利于评估病变对神经的压迫和浸润程度。结论 增强序列3D-BRAVO可清晰显示颈静脉孔区病变压迫、浸润和累及神经情况。     

氯膦酸二钠脂质体对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的影响及与Akt、MAPK（ERK1/2）通路的关系

目的:探讨氯膦酸二钠脂质体(LC)对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肺损伤的影响及与Akt、MAPK(ERK1/2)通路的关系。方法:将48只SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组、SAP模型组(模型组)、SAP模型+LC处理组(LC组),后两组采用膜下注射5%牛磺胆酸钠制作SAP模型,并分别于造模后尾静脉注射空白脂质体与LC。各组分别于术后2、6h后检测血清淀粉酶(AMS)、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,观察肺组织病理学变化,及肺组织中Akt和MAPK(ERK1/2)的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组与LC组血清AMS、IL-6及TNF-α含量、肺组织病理学评分,肺组织Akt和MAPK(ERK1/2)表达水平均明显升高,且均随时间延长而更加明显(均P0.05),但LC组的上述指标在各时间点上均明显低于模型组(均P0.05)。结论:LC有减轻大鼠SAP肺损伤的作用,机制可能与肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬LC后,Akt和MAPK(ERK1/2)信号通路抑制,从而减少炎症细胞因子的释放有关。