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11.
M Ryan 《British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)》1986,292(6533):1451-1452
12.
Bill J Gurley Ashley Swain Gary W Barone D Keith Williams Philip Breen C Ryan Yates Leslie B Stuart Martha A Hubbard Yudong Tong Sreekhar Cheboyina 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2007,35(2):240-245
Phytochemical-mediated modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and other drug transporters may give rise to many herb-drug interactions. Serial plasma concentration-time profiles of the P-gp substrate, digoxin, were used to determine whether supplementation with goldenseal or kava kava modified P-gp activity in vivo. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a standardized goldenseal (3210 mg daily) or kava kava (1227 mg daily) supplement for 14 days, followed by a 30-day washout period. Subjects were also randomized to receive rifampin (600 mg daily, 7 days) and clarithromycin (1000 mg daily, 7 days) as positive controls for P-gp induction and inhibition, respectively. Digoxin (Lanoxin, 0.5 mg) was administered p.o. before and at the end of each supplementation and control period. Serial digoxin plasma concentrations were obtained over 24 h and analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Comparisons of area under the curve (AUC)((0-3)), AUC((0-24)), C(max,) CL/F, and elimination half-life were used to assess the effects of goldenseal, kava kava, rifampin, and clarithromycin on digoxin pharmacokinetics. Rifampin produced significant reductions (p < 0.01) in AUC((0-3)), AUC((0-24)), CL/F, t(1/2), and C(max), whereas clarithromycin increased these parameters significantly (p < 0.01). With the exception of goldenseal's effect on C(max) (14% increase), no statistically significant effects on digoxin pharmacokinetics were observed following supplementation with either goldenseal or kava kava. When compared with rifampin and clarithromycin, supplementation with these specific formulations of goldenseal or kava kava did not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics, suggesting that these supplements are not potent modulators of P-gp in vivo. 相似文献
13.
14.
Jens O L J?rgensen Louise M?ller Morten Krag Nils Billestrup Jens S Christiansen 《Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America》2007,36(1):75-87
This article focuses on in vivo data from tests performed in normal subjects and in patients who had abnormal growth hormone (GH) status. Experimental data in human subjects demonstrate that GH acutely inhibits glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. At the same time GH stimulates the turnover and oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA), and experimental evidence suggests a causal link between elevated FFA levels and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Observational data in GH-deficient adults do not indicate that GH replacement is associated with significant impairment of glucose tolerance, but it is recommended that overdosing be avoided and glycemic control be monitored. 相似文献
15.
Association of Hypoalbuminemia on the First Postoperative Day and Complications Following Esophagectomy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aoife M. Ryan Aine Hearty Ruth S. Prichard Aileen Cunningham Suzanne P. Rowley John V. Reynolds 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(10):1355-1360
Objective Changes in serum albumin may reflect systemic immunoinflammation and hypermetabolism in response to insults such as trauma
and sepsis. Esophagectomy is associated with a major metabolic stress, and the aim of this study was to determine if the absolute
albumin level on the first postoperative day was of value in predicting in-hospital complications.
Methods A retrospective study of 200 patients undergoing esophagectomy for malignant disease at St. James Hospital between 1999 and
2005 was performed. Patients who had pre and postoperative (days 1, 3, and 7) serum albumin levels measured were included
in the study. Patients were subdivided into three postoperative albumin categories <20 g/l, 20–25 g/l, >25 g/l. Logistic regression
analysis was performed to calculate the odds of morbidity and mortality according to the day 1 albumin level.
Results Patients with an albumin of less than 20 g/l on the first postoperative day were twice as likely to develop postoperative
complications than those with an albumin of greater than 20 g/l (54 vs 28% respectively, p < 0.011). Correspondingly, these patients also had a significantly higher rate of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (22
vs 5%, p < 0.001), respiratory failure (27 vs 8%, p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (27 vs 6% (p < 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, day 1 albumin level was independently related to postoperative complications
(odds ratios, 0.89: 95%; confidence intervals, 0.83–0.96; p < 0.005). In addition, albumin <20 g/l on the first postoperative day was associated with the need for further surgery and
a return to ICU.
Conclusion Serum albumin concentration on the first postoperative day is a better predictor of surgical outcome than many other preoperative
risk factors. It is a low cost test that may be used as a prognostic tool to detect the risk of adverse surgical outcomes. 相似文献
16.
17.
The incidence of neural tube defects in a rural area of the west of Ireland from 1974 to 1985 was 2.96 per 1000. The prevalence was unchanged during the 11 years. When compared with a control group there was no increased incidence of anaemia in mothers of affected infants. 相似文献
18.
Phospho-akt expression is associated with a favorable outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Amit Shah William A Swain Donna Richardson John Edwards Duncan J Stewart Catherine M Richardson Daniel E B Swinson Dipika Patel J Louise Jones Kenneth J O'Byrne 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(8):2930-2936
Akt, a Serine/Threonine protein kinase, mediates growth factor-associated cell survival. Constitutive activation of Akt (phosphorylated Akt, P-Akt) has been observed in several human cancers, including lung cancer and may be associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. The clinical relevance of P-Akt in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well described. In the present study, we examined 82 surgically resected snap-frozen and paraffin-embedded stage I to IIIA NSCLC samples for P-Akt and Akt by Western blotting and for P-Akt by immunohistochemistry. P-Akt protein levels above the median, measured using reproducible semiquantitative band densitometry, correlated with a favorable outcome (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified P-Akt as a significant independent favorable prognostic factor (P = 0.004). Although associated with a favorable prognosis, high P-Akt levels correlated with high tumor grade (P = 0.02). Adenocarcinomas were associated with low P-Akt levels (P = 0.039). Akt was not associated with either outcome or clinicopathologic variables.Cytoplasmic (CP-Akt) and nuclear (NP-Akt) P-Akt tumor cell staining was detected in 96% and 42% of cases, respectively. Both CP-Akt and NP-Akt correlated with well-differentiated tumors (P = 0.008 and 0.017, respectively). NP-Akt also correlated with nodal metastases (P = 0.022) and squamous histology (P = 0.037).These results suggest P-Akt expression is a favorable prognostic factor in NSCLC. Immunolocalization of P-Akt, however, may be relevant as NP-Akt was associated with nodal metastases, a known poor prognostic feature in this disease. P-Akt may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the management of NSCLC. 相似文献
19.
M R Garcia N D Ryan H Rabinovitch P Ambrosini J Twomey S Iyengar H Novacenko B Nelson J Puig-Antich 《Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry》1991,30(3):398-406
In an effort to evaluate whether differences exist in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of depressed children, a thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was administered to 55 prepubertal subjects who were divided into three groups matched for age and sex: a depressed group (endogenous N = 15, nonendogenous N = 15), a psychiatric nondepressed control group (N = 16), and a normal control group (N = 9). Each subject was tested at two dosages of TRH, 2 micrograms/kg and 7 micrograms/kg. Increasing age and female sex were positively correlated with a greater thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response. TSH response to TRH was examined with subjects reclassified by severe suicidal ideation, severe aggression, and parental history of alcoholism. Results of this study are contrasted with the adult psychiatric literature. 相似文献
20.
Richard A. Hill Terri Esterowitz Julie Ryan Lih-Huei L. Liaw J. Stuart Nelson Hideko Yashiro Tatiana Krasieva Michael W. Berns 《Lasers in surgery and medicine》1995,17(2):166-171
Background and Objective: To investigate Photofrin® (PII) and CASPc for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the ciliary body in rabbits. Study Design/Materials and Methods: PII (10 mg/kg) or CASPc (1 mg/kg) was given by ear vein. Pharmacokinetics were studied in frozen sections by fluorescence microscopy (CCD camera based low light detection system with digital image processing) at 1 and 24 h (8 rabbits;16 eyes). Laser light was delivered (argon pumped dye laser;630 and 675 nm;8 rabbits;16 eyes) by contact fiberoptic. To compensate for iris attenuation, irradiance was 125 mW/cm2 (20, 40, 80, or 160 J/cm2). Controls (4 rabbits;8 eyes) received laser light without photochemicals (OD) and for comparison, continuous wave Nd:YAG laser by fiberoptic (0.8–1.2J;OS). Results: Localization studies showed intravascular distribution with some selective ciliary body distribution at 24 h (PII > CASPc). Rabbits treated with PII or CASPc exhibited variable amounts of gross ciliary body edema, infarction, and necrosis by 24–48 h. This response was not seen in PDT control tissues;damage was seen in the iris and ciliary body, with partial vacuolization of the pigment epithelium. Conclusion: PDT may offer a more selective approach to ciliary body destruction. A small but significant thermal effect was seen during PDT from melanin photon uptake with damage to iris and ciliary body. Thermal damage and potential interaction with ocular visual pigments may limit use of these photochemicals and wavelengths for PDT of the ciliary body © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献