华北白前中的C21甾体类化合物

从华北白前(Cynanchum hancockianum)干燥根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了6个C₂₁甾体化合物,其中白前甙元C(glaucogenin C,Ⅰ),白薇甙A(cynatratoside A,Ⅱ),白前甙元A(glaucogenin A,Ⅲ),脱水何拉得甙元(anhydrohirundigenin,Ⅳ)为已知化合物;华北白前甙元B(hancogenin B,Ⅴ),华北白前甙A(hancoside A,Ⅵ)为新化合物。提出了变型C₂₁甾体甙元质谱的裂解规律。药理实验发现化合物Ⅱ具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,化合物Ⅵ具有一定的抗内毒素作用。     

谈谈医院"以病人为中心"的困惑与思考

1996年，彭骊云同志在全国卫生工作会议上提出“以病人为中心”作为我国医院的办院宗旨，这是国家卫生部为贯彻执行党的十四届六中全会精神，把为人民服务和树行业新风落到实处提出的一个响亮的口号，也是时代发展的要求。今天这一口号的提出已近10年，现在它在实践中落实的情况究竟如何呢？10年来，广大医务工作者热烈地响应了这一号召，满腔热情为病人服务，医院也是按照这一口号去办院和进行改革的，     

人胎垂体组织培养及移植治疗席汉氏病

将水囊引产死胎的垂体组织进行体外培养后，其细胞形态正常，用放射免疫测培养２－２１天的培养液中均含有生长激素（ＧＨ）、催乳激素（ＰＲＬ）、催乳激素（ＰＲＬ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）等５种垂体激素。用培养５－１２天的垂体组织给５例席汉氏病患者进行三角肌内注射移植，患者的症状改善，血中垂体激素（ＰＲＬ、ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ及ＴＳＨ）及靶腺激素（Ｔ３、Ｔ４、Ｅ２）水平均有     

阿尔茨海默病长潜时视觉和听觉诱发电位改变

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病（ＡＤ）患者的长潜时感觉性诱发电位的特点。方法应用丹麦电生理仪以及光和声刺激，对３９例ＡＤ患者和４０名正常老年人的视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）和听觉诱发电位（ＡＥＰ）进行对照研究。结果部分ＡＤ患者ＶＥＰ形成双峰，ＡＥＰ趋向低而宽大。ＡＤ患者ＶＥＰ和ＡＥＰ的Ｐ３潜伏期在顶区均右侧（ＶＥＰ３７７±４４毫秒，ＡＥＰ３８８±２７毫秒）长于左侧（ＶＥＰ３７２±４４毫秒，ＡＥＰ３８１±２６毫秒），Ｐ＜０．０５。与对照组比较，ＡＤ患者ＡＥＰ主成分以及ＶＥＰ的Ｐ３潜伏期和ＡＥＰ、ＶＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３波幅均延迟和下降（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。结论提示ＶＥＰ和ＡＥＰ５０～５００毫秒长潜时成分可能是反映ＡＤ患者认知功能的一个客观指标     

Etiology and pathogenesis of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): significance of prematurity and perinatal hypoxic-haemodynamic encephalopathy

Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), defined as a disorder of awareness with impul-sivity, has lately been characterized as a dysfunction of the striatum (neostriatum = globus pallidus + putamen). This structure is in a unique position for contextual analysis and samples information from almost the entire cortex through its spiny neurons. The etiology is heterogeneous, with genetic as well as lesional factors. Among the latter, pre- and perinatal events are prominent. Advances in the understanding of the role of fetal circulatory insufficiency with loss of autoregulation and systemic hypotension have drawn attention to the vulnerability of watershed regions, including the striatum. Not only circulatory facts are important for this selectivity, however. The anatomical characteristics, with convergent glutaminergic afferent synaptic transmission from almost the entire cortex contribute to the vulnerability in ischemia-induced liberation of glutamate: The striatum becomes the victim of its virtue. Repeated hypoxic-ischemic events are particularly common in prematurity, a fact which seems to explain the high incidence of ADHD in this patient group. The magnitude of the problem is increasing with the increased survival rate among premature infants.     

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes express a β3 integrin which can induce the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the related PYK-2

Fibronectin has been shown to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins in the 115–125 kDa range and facilitate degranulation by alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones in response to substimulatory amounts of anti-CD3 or anti-T cell receptor (TCR). The current study was initiated to further characterize integrin expression and usage by these CTL clones. We demonstrate that vitronectin and fibrinogen, but not laminin or collagen, are also able to both facilitate degranulation in the presence of substimulatory anti-CD3 and stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of these 115–125-kDa proteins, with a 115-kDa protein being the most prominently phosphorylated. These results implicate the expression and usage of the vitronectin receptor, α β₃ integrin, by these CTL clones. We demonstrate by both flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation that CTL clones do in fact express β₃ integrin. Immobilized antibody to β₃ stimulates the phosphorylation of the 115–125-kDa proteins, suggesting that engagement of β₃ transmits the same signal into these cells as fibronectin or vitronectin. The fibronectin and vitronectin-induced phosphorylation as well as adhesion to either fibronectin or vitronectin can be significantly inhibited with antibodies to β₃ integrins. Finally, we are able to immunoprecipitate 115-kDa proteins with antiserum to focal adhesion kinase and a related kinase, called PYK-2, that becomes phosphorylated in response to vitronectin or immobilized anti-β₃. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CTL express and use β₃-integrins as signaling molecules which can augment TCR-mediated stimulation.     

An occupational health nursing education program. Relevance to nurses in nonoccupational practice settings.

A collaborative effort between community health faculty in an upper division nursing program and nurses from a nearby agricultural health and research center resulted in an educational program focused on occupational health and safety issues in the agricultural industry. The 3 hour class was presented each semester between 1997 and 1999 to RN students enrolled in a community health organization class. In addition to information about the health and safety hazards in agriculture, the nursing students learned about the center's research projects and clinical services available to the farming community. A follow up survey was mailed to the nursing students to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the occupational health program by identifying the proportion of the nurses' caseloads spent on occupational health problems, and whether the information and materials presented in the class were relevant to practice. Results showed that even though the surveyed nurses were employed in nonoccupational practice settings, nearly everyone rated the occupational health information as useful. Findings also revealed that although nurses in nonoccupational practice can spend nearly a quarter of their time caring for clients with work related health problems, they may lack adequate educational preparation to do so.