Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation: SOLO1 China cohort

PurposeMaintenance therapy with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib provided a substantial progression-free survival (PFS) benefit compared with placebo in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation (BRCAm) who were in clinical complete or partial response following platinum-based chemotherapy in the Phase III SOLO1 global study. This led to the approval of maintenance olaparib in China, USA, EU, Japan and other countries, in the newly diagnosed setting. This separate China cohort of the SOLO1 study investigated the efficacy and safety of maintenance olaparib within the Chinese population.Patients and methodsIn this double-blind, multicentre study, patients were randomized 2:1 to receive oral olaparib tablets (300 mg twice daily) or placebo. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed PFS (modified RECIST v1.1).ResultsOf the 64 randomized patients, 44 received olaparib and 20 placebo. Olaparib reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 54% compared with placebo (HR 0.46, 95% Cl 0.23–0.97; median PFS was not reached in the olaparib arm vs 9.3 months in the placebo arm). The most common AEs in the olaparib arm were nausea (63.6 vs 25.0% with placebo), anaemia (59.1 vs 15.0%) and leukopenia (54.5 vs 20.0%). Grade ≥3 AEs were experienced by 56.8% of olaparib patients and 30.0% of placebo patients.ConclusionsResults in the SOLO1 China cohort support the use of olaparib as maintenance treatment for Chinese patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer who have a BRCAm and are in complete or partial response after platinum-based chemotherapy.     

糖尿病患者动态血糖监测低血糖及危险因素评估

目的探讨糖尿病患者实施动态血糖监测低血糖的意义,同时评估发生低血糖的危险因素。方法选择1型糖尿病或胰岛功能较差的2型糖尿病患者41例。采用动态血糖监测系统连续72h血糖监测,同期每天测毛细血管血糖,采集患者的身高、体重、血压、糖尿病病程、HbA1c等资料。分析低血糖发生次数及持续时间,总结低血糖发生特点及与患者临床特征的相关性。结果 41例糖尿病患者中,72h内指测毛细血管血糖发现低血糖患者13例(17例次),动态血糖监测发现低血糖29例(43例次),其中无症状低血糖22例(占75.9%)、有症状低血糖7例(占24.1%)。低血糖好发于后半夜,危险因素包括性别、年龄、时段、HbA1c和指测最低血糖值。当HbA1c/(指测最低血糖值·BMI)≥0.04时,78%患者动态血糖监测可见低血糖反应;当该指数0.04时,未见低血糖患者。结论对于胰岛功能较差的糖尿病患者,常规每天6次指测毛细血管血糖易漏诊后半夜低血糖的发现。HbA1c/(指测最低血糖值·BMI)可作为低血糖的预测指数,该指数≥0.04提示低血糖风险较高,宜行动态血糖监测。     

专科护士固定站位法在抢救颅脑外伤患者中的应用

目的 观察专科护士固定抢救站位对抢救颅脑外伤患者的影响,以提高护士的抢救速度及效率。 方法 选择2011年1月至2012年12月上海中医药大学附属普陀医院急诊重症监护室收治的颅脑外伤患者共80例,随机分为对照组和干预组各40例,干预组采取固定站位法,对照组采取常规抢救方法,研究后对两组抢救速度与医生满意度进行评估。 结果 干预组对颅脑外伤患者的抢救时间明显优于对照组(P＜0.01),医生对专科护士抢救小组的医护配合、执行医嘱、专科知识、掌握病情、抢救速度、应急能力、操作技术以及物品功能的满意度分别为97.5%、100%、95%、95%、100%、100%、100%、97.5%,优于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 专科护士固定站位式抢救颅脑外伤患者不仅提高了抢救速度及效率,还可改善医护合作关系,为抢救患者赢得宝贵时光。     

服务行业未婚流动青少年避孕知识及行为的干预效果评价

目的:评价在服务行业未婚流动青少年中开展性和生殖健康教育/服务对人群的避孕知识及行为的影响,探讨向未婚流动青少年提供生殖健康教育/服务的适宜模式。方法:将研究对象分为干预组和对照组。干预活动为期半年,仅对干预组对象提供。在干预前后分别开展基线和终末问卷调查。通过两次问卷调查结果来评价干预效果。数据分析用SAS 9.1软件进行。结果:干预组和对照组基线的避孕知识平均得分均<50分(总分100)。干预后,干预组避孕知识得分(85.51)高于对照组得分(50.38)(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果也显示,干预显著增加了对象的避孕知识得分(B=33.24,P<0.01)。基线调查时,33.33%的干预组对象和59.09%的对照组对象报告在最近3次性行为中每次都使用避孕措施,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。终末调查时,干预组对象的这一比例较基线上升(P<0.05),而对照组则没有改变(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示干预具有促进对象使用避孕措施的趋势(OR=3.06,P<0.01)。结论:干预可提高对象的避孕知识水平,并有促进其避孕措施使用的趋势。提示今后需考虑开展长期、连续的干预,以进一步改善未婚流动青少年的避孕行为。     

急性脑血管病患者血清酶学及心电图检测分析

目的　探讨急性脑血管病血清酶学变化的临床意义及与预后的关系。方法　对 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年 150例急性脑血管病患者入院后作血清酶学动态观察并结合临床资料进行分析。结果　 150例急性脑血管病人的血清酶学均有不同程度的变化。结论　病情越重 ,血清酶学升高幅度越大 ,预后越差     

The value of flexible bronchoscopy in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis

The value of 121 flexible bronchoscopy (FB) procedures was evaluated in 54 children, aged three months to 14 years, suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis. Specimens from FB were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seven of the 13 bacteriologically confirmed cases. Bronchial abnormalities consistent with the diagnosis were found in 31 of 54 cases. Separate or coexistent findings at initial FB included airway compression (20 cases), granulation tissue (ten cases), and obstructive caseum (four cases). Chest roentgenograms underestimated bronchial involvement in 14 children. Further FB monitoring documented disease evolution. The FB was important in the management of patients, as it (1) guided the use of prednisone therapy, especially in the children with a chest roentgenogram not suggestive of bronchial involvement; (2) indicated a need for resection of granulation tissue by rigid bronchoscopy (three cases); and (3) guided the surgical decision (two children with persistent bronchial obstruction). Thus, FB is a safe and valuable procedure in the management of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis.