Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts,its implication in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a mini review

The communication between tumor stromal and parenchymal cells provides an insight to tumor progression. One of the main elements of the stroma, a major contributor to the extracellular environment of tumors, is carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts. They can originate from either normal fibroblasts in the immediate vicinity of the tumor or from circulating bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. These myofibroblasts can arise locally from an endothelial–mesenchymal transformation at the invasive edge of the cancer and are physically associated with carcinoma cells, that is, in the development of high‐grade malignancies and poor prognosis. These carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts feed the epithelial tumor cells in a host–parasite relationship establishing its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression.     

化疗联合HLA不全相合G-PBSC输注治疗恶性血液病的临床分析

目的初步探讨化疗联合HLA不全相合G-PBSC输注(微移植)治疗恶性血液病的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2015-05～2016-12接受微移植治疗的13例恶性血液病患者的临床及随访资料。根据病情,对13例患者行不同的预处理方案化疗后,计划给予微移植3～4次。观察微移植后患者的缓解情况,生存时间,血象恢复时间,急、慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)及其他不良反应发生情况。结果随访至2017-04,中危组8例,其中存活6例,死亡2例;高危组5例,其中存活2例,死亡3例。中位生存期为9个月(4～24个月)。微移植治疗后,中性粒细胞和血小板平均恢复时间分别为8 d(5～14 d)和11 d(6～20 d)。所有患者在微移植过程中均未出现急、慢性GVHD及其他不良反应。结论微移植在供者选择上不受限制,移植后血小板及中性粒细胞恢复较快,且无急、慢性GVHD及其他不良反应发生;微移植在中高危恶性血液病的临床应用尚处于探索阶段,仍需多中心、大样本的临床研究来进一步验证。     

燕滨扶正胶囊治疗代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化临床疗效观察研究

目的 研究中药燕滨扶正胶囊治疗肝硬化（代偿期或失代偿期）临床疗效。方法 选择代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化患者41例,随机分为治疗组（21例）及对照组（20例）。治疗组给予燕滨扶正胶囊1500 mg/次,口服,2次/日。对照组给予扶正化瘀胶囊2500 mg/次,3次/日。两组疗程均为48周。两组依据病情给予抗病毒,护肝降酶、对症支持等一般治疗（替比夫定、甘利欣、消炎利胆片、茵栀黄胶囊等）,观察两组患者症状、血常规、肝功能、门静脉宽度、腹水、肝脏及脾脏形态。结果 中药燕滨扶正胶囊联合抗病毒药物可使代偿期及失代偿期肝硬化患者门静脉宽度、脾肿大回缩或复常,可使纤维化指标复常或大幅下降且肝脏功能好转或复常。结论 燕滨扶正胶囊可改善肝硬化。     

前后路联合手术治疗髋臼双柱骨折疗效分析

目的:探讨前后路联合手术治疗髋臼双柱骨折的效果并分析影响疗效的相关因素。方法:2007年8月至2009年7月收治髋臼双柱骨折患者19例,男13例,女6例;年龄27～52岁,平均39.6岁。高位双柱骨折11例,低位双柱骨折8例,双柱骨折累及骶髂关节1例。受伤至手术时间4～11 d,平均5.8 d。患者均采用前后联合入路手术,重建钢板和螺钉内固定。结果:除1例死亡外本组全部获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均13.6个月。关节功能根据Harris评分标准,术后功能优9例,良7例,可2例。结论:经前后路联合切开复位内固定治疗髋臼双柱骨折疗效满意。     

Whites and African-Americans in headache specialty clinics respond equally well to treatment

This study sought to determine if Whites and African-Americans respond similarly to headache treatment administered in 'real-world' headache specialty treatment clinics. Using a naturalistic, longitudinal design, 284 patients receiving treatment for headache disorders completed 30-day daily diaries that assessed headache frequency and severity at pretreatment and 6-month follow-up and also provided data on their headache disability and quality of life at pretreatment and 1-, 2- and 6-month follow-up. Controlling for socioeconomic status and psychiatric comorbidity, hierarchical linear models found that African-Americans and Whites reported significant reductions in headache frequency and disability and improvements in life quality over the 6-month treatment period. African-Americans, unlike Whites, also reported significant decreases in headache severity. Nevertheless, Africans-Americans had significantly more frequent and disabling headaches and lower quality of life after treatment relative to Whites. Although Whites and African Americans responded favourably to headache treatments, more efficacious treatments are needed given the elevated level of headache frequency that remained in both racial groups following treatment.     

A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response.     

Chronic diarrhea with hypergastrinemia and achlorhydria without gastritis in a 5-year-old child

We report a case of chronic diarrhea due to hypergastrinemia with achlorhydria but without gastritis in a five-year-old boy. Symptoms responded promptly to oral administration of hydrochloric acid and resolved completely after one year of treatment. The pathophysiologic situation in this patient closely resembled that normally seen in neonates, suggesting prolonged but nevertheless transient immaturity of gastric secretions.     

Acute renal failure in a neonate due to pelviureteric candidal bezoars successfully treated with long-term systemic fluconazole

Systemic candidiasis with renal involvement is a rare but well-recognized complication during intensive care treatment in very-low-birth-weight infants. We report a term neonate who developed anuria associated with bilateral bezoar formation in the renal pelvis and candidemia. The treatment consisted of placement of a nephrostomy tube in the left kidney, short-term irrigation with amphotericin B and iv, and later, oral administration of fluconazole.