The effect of partial inhibition of monoamine oxidase on the steady-state rate of deamination of 3H-catecholamines in two metabolizing systems

Two different "deaminating systems" were compared (i.e., intact tissues in which an uptake process translocates the 3H-catecholamine from the extracellular space to the intracellular MAO): the adrenergic nerve endings of the rat vas deferens exposed to 10 nmol/l 3H-(-)-noradrenaline, and the extraneuronal deaminating system of the rat heart perfused with 50 nmol/l 3H-(-)-adrenaline. Vesicular uptake and COMT were inhibited. In both systems MAO was partially inhibited by pargyline, and the steady-state tissue content of the 3H-catecholamine was determined as well as the steady-state rate of deamination. Rat vas deferens (preincubated with 10-40 nmol/l pargyline for 30 min). Inhibition of neuronal MAO caused not more than a moderate decrease of the steady-state rate of deamination of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline, but the steady-state tissue content was greatly increased. Determinations of the activity of MAO in homogenates of vasa deferentia showed that preincubation with 10 and 20 nmol/l pargyline inhibited the enzyme by 80 to 95%. Rat heart (of animals pretreated with 1 to 30 mg/kg pargyline). Inhibition of extraneuronal MAO caused a steep decline of the steady-state rate of deamination of 3H-(-)-adrenaline, but only a small rise in the steady-state tissue content. The decisive difference between the two deaminating systems lies in the fact that the ratio "kmao/kout" (where the two k-values characterize the activity of the unsaturated intracellular MAO and the ability of the 3H-catecholamine to leave the relevant cells, respectively) is much higher for the neuronal deaminating system exposed to 3H-(-)-noradrenaline than for the extraneuronal deaminating system exposed to 3H-(-)-adrenaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Wellbeing of Breastfeeding Women in Australia and New Zealand during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, breastfeeding women have experienced restricted access to support, placing them at increased risk of mental health concerns and limited breastfeeding assistance. This study investigated the effect of the pandemic on feeding choices and maternal wellbeing amongst breastfeeding mothers living in Australian and New Zealand. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey that examined feeding methods, maternal mental wellbeing, worries, challenges, and positive experiences during the pandemic. Most women were exclusively breastfeeding (82%). Partial breastfeeding was associated with perceived low milk supply and longer pregnancy duration during the pandemic. Reduced mental health and wellbeing was associated with lower levels of family functioning, increased perceived stress, and perinatal anxiety. Longer pregnancy duration during the pandemic was associated with lower mental health wellbeing scores, while higher perceived stress scores were reported for regions with higher COVID-19 infection rates and women with perceived low milk supply. Women reported that the pandemic resulted in less pressure and more time for family bonding, while worries about the pandemic, family health, and parenting challenges were also cited. Mental health concerns of breastfeeding women appear to be exacerbated by COVID-19, highlighting a critical need for access to mental health and broader family support during the pandemic.     

Health Literacy and Associated Outcomes in the Postpartum Period at Grady Memorial Hospital

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Many studies correlate lower health literacy with poorer health outcomes and inferior provider-patient communication. Little is known about how impaired health...     

Interventions to Increase Multivitamin Use Among Women in the Interconception Period: An IMPLICIT Network Study

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Each year, 3% of infants in the Unites States (US) are born with congenital anomalies, including 3000 with neural tube defects. Multivitamins (MVIs) including...     

Longitudinal Examination of Prenatal Tobacco Switching Behaviors and Birth Outcomes,Including Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Dual Use

Maternal and Child Health Journal - In the US, approximately 8% of pregnant women smoke, and 5–11.9% currently use ENDS products. The health effects of ENDS use are debated; however, most...     

Adolescent Substance Use Behavior Change Through School Intervention Is Improved by Teacher and School Implementation Support Together,Especially for Girls

Prevention Science - An earlier trial of a school-based, preventative intervention, HealthWise South Africa, demonstrated some efficacy in preventing adolescent drinking and smoking in the Western...     

Evaluating the Impact of a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Program: Youth Leadership Retreat Outcomes

Prevention Science - Involving youth in developing and implementing prevention programs to reduce sexual violence (SV) has the potential to improve prevention outcomes. However, there has been...