吉非替尼致问质性肺炎并文献回顾

目的：探讨吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌所致问质性肺炎的临床特点和治疗策略。方法：报告1例吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌所致间质性肺炎的临床资料,并进行系统文献回顾,对吉非替尼所致间质性肺炎的临床特点,机理和治疗进行分析。结果：综合本病例患者特点和国内外文献分析,老年男性、长期吸烟史、吸烟指数高、腺癌、特别是细支气管肺泡癌患者在服用吉非替尼期间更容易发生间质性肺炎,发生时间多在服药后1—2月,临床表现以胸闷、气短、进行性呼吸困难为特点,伴有严重低氧血症,甚至呼吸衰竭。影像学检查以双肺弥漫性浸润性阴影及蜂窝状间质改变为代表,及时判断病因并停药,给予糖皮质激素、吸氧、抗感染等对症处理可缓解。结论：一旦发现吉非替尼所致的间质性肺炎应及时停药,大多数患者病情可缓解,早期可控制的间质性肺炎,不是永久停用吉非替尼的绝对指标,应根据患者的获益和药物治疗相关风险综合考虑。     

被动凝集法、间接免疫荧光法和胶体金法联合检测肺炎 支原体抗体对儿童肺炎支原体感染的诊断价值

目的 分析被动凝集法（PA）、间接免疫荧光法（IFA）和胶体金法（GICT）联合检测对儿童肺炎支原体（MP） 感染的诊断价值。方法 选取进行MP抗体检测的患儿617例,以临床诊断为判断标准,分为MP感染组（345例）和 非MP感染组（272例）。所有患儿均经PA检测MP总抗体,经IFA和GICT检测MP-IgM抗体。分析PA、IFA和GICT 这3种方法单独检测及两两联合检测与临床诊断的一致性,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价其对MP感染的诊断价 值,分析PA联合IFA检测2组患儿抗体情况。结果 MP感染组PA检测MP总抗体、IFA和GICT检测MP-IgM抗体的 阳性率较非MP感染组高（P＜0.01）。PA检测MP总抗体的阳性检出率高于IFA和GICT检测MP-IgM抗体的阳性检 出率（P＜0.01）。PA联合IFA与临床诊断为中度一致（Kappa值=0.41,P＜0.05）。3种方法单独检测和两两组合检测 中PA联合IFA的曲线下面积、敏感度、总符合率、阴性预测值最高,阴性似然比最低。GICT单独检测特异度最高。 IFA 单独检测阳性预测值和阳性似然比最高。当 MP-IgM 抗体阳性时,MP 感染组 23.44% 的患儿总抗体滴度＜1︰ 160,非MP感染组47.22%的患儿总抗体滴度≥1︰160。当MP-IgM抗体阴性时,MP感染组91.91%的患儿MP总抗体 滴度≥1︰160,非MP感染组有73.50%的患儿总抗体滴度＜1︰160。结论 PA和IFA联合检测可为临床诊断儿童MP 感染提供更客观、准确的检测结果。     

重组腺病毒鼠CD40L对小鼠淋巴瘤治疗和预防作用的体内研究

目的:探讨重组腺病毒鼠CD40-ligand基因(Adv-mCD40L)对小鼠淋巴瘤的免疫治疗作用及免疫预防作用。方法:构建含有小鼠CD40L基因的重组腺病毒载体,体外转染小鼠B淋巴瘤细胞(A20细胞)。流式细胞术检测A20细胞转染前后表面CD80、CD86、CD40L(CD154)、CD40表达情况。在体内实验中,治疗组首先建立小鼠A20荷瘤模型,分别于肿瘤内多点注射Adv-mCD40L和Adv;预防组小鼠预先分别接种负载A20细胞抗原的Adv-mCD40L和Adv,免疫后再次接种具有活性的A20细胞,均以生理盐水作为对照,观察小鼠成瘤时间及肿瘤生长情况。结果:体外转染mCD40L基因24h内CD154和CD40表达水平改变,48h后A20表达CD80、CD86增强。经Adv-mCD40L免疫后的小鼠成瘤时间较其他组明显延迟。经mCD40L基因治疗的小鼠均可见瘤体生长速度明显受抑,肿瘤大小分别与经Adv及NS治疗的小鼠比较,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:转染mCD40L基因可以增强A20表面协同刺激分子的表达,增强A20细胞的免疫原性,激活机体的抗肿瘤免疫,延缓成瘤时间,抑制肿瘤生长。     

银杏达莫注射液对血脂指标影响的研究

目的探讨银杏达莫注射液对血脂指标的影响。发现治疗心脑血管病合并高血脂的新型药物。方法建立以银杏达莫注射液为基础的治疗方案,通过监测治疗前后的血脂指标,评价其必要性,可行性及实用性。结果银杏达莫注射液治疗后胆固醇显著降低,高密度脂蛋白显著升高,而甘油三脂无明显变化。结论银杏达莫注射液是治疗冠心病,脑血管病并发高脂血症及高粘血症的有效而理想的药物。     

Comprehensive Analysis of Seasonal and Geographical Variation in UVB Radiation Relevant for Vitamin D Production in Europe

Dermal synthesis, following sun exposure, is the main source of vitamin D. This study characterizes ambient UVB radiation relevant for vitamin D production in Europe. A biological weighing function was applied to data from the Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for 46 capital cities over an 18-year period (2004–2021) to isolate wavelengths relevant for vitamin D production (D-UVB). Cumulative and weighted D-UVB (CW-D-UVB) were calculated to approximate seasonal vitamin D accumulation and diminution. Monthly 25(OH)D concentration measurements were extracted from published reports. All data were analyzed by location and time. Despite a moderate latitudinal range (35–64° N), we observed large—up to five-fold—regional differences: the highest mean diurnal D-UVB dose of 5.57 kJ/m² (SD = 3.55 kJ/m²) was observed in Nicosia (Cyprus) and the lowest in Reykjavik (Iceland, 1.16 ± 1.29 kJ/m²). Seasonal differences in diurnal D-UVB dose were even more pronounced, with a median 36-fold difference between annual peak and trough depending on a location (range: 10- to 525-fold). The mean duration of “vitamin D winter” was 126 days but varied widely (4 to 215 days). Monthly CW-D-UVB and 25(OH)D changes were very strongly correlated: the changes in 25(OH)D concentration increased by 12.6 nmol/L for every 100 kJ/m² increment of CW-D-UVB in population-based studies (r² = 0.79, p-value = 1.16 × 10⁻³⁷). Understanding the differences in D-UVB radiation can help understand determinants of vitamin D status and guide region- and season-specific safe and effective sunlight exposure recommendations and vitamin D supplementation guidelines.     

NT-Pro-BNP and echocardiography for the early assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction in neonates with sepsis

To investigate the predictive manner of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro-BNP) and echocardiography in the early assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction (CVD) in neonates with sepsis, we recruited 108 neonates with sepsis in intensive care units and divided them into a sepsis with CVD (sepsis + CVD) group (n = 48) and a sepsis only group (n = 60). Neonates with other infections (n = 65) constituted the control group. Clinical, laboratory, and bedside echocardiography findings were evaluated. Compared to both the sepsis only and control groups, the sepsis + CVD group showed an earlier onset of symptoms [52.94 (0–185.6) h], higher NT-Pro-BNP levels (P = .02), a higher Tei index (0.52 + 0.03; P = .03), and lower ejection fraction (62.61% ± 12.31%, P < .05). Compared to the control group, the sepsis + CVD group exhibited hematogenous etiology (P < .05), lower albumin (ALB) levels (P = .04), lower white blood cell counts (P = .03), a higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein/ALB ratio, and a larger right-ventricle-inner diameter (10.74 + 2.42 mm; P = .01). CVD in the septic neonates could be predicted by either NT-Pro-BNP levels (cut-off: 12,291.5 pg/L; sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 79%; area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic, 0.81) or Tei index (cut-off: 0.45; sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 77%; area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic, 0.78). NT-Pro-BNP levels and echocardiography can be used to determine early onset of CVD in neonatal sepsis, which facilitates timely pharmacological interventions and treatment.     

Age-specific associations between underlying health conditions and hospitalisation,death and in-hospital death among confirmed COVID-19 cases: a multi-country study based on surveillance data,June to December 2020

BackgroundUnderlying conditions are risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes but evidence is limited about how risks differ with age.AimWe sought to estimate age-specific associations between underlying conditions and hospitalisation, death and in-hospital death among COVID-19 cases.MethodsWe analysed case-based COVID-19 data submitted to The European Surveillance System between 2 June and 13 December 2020 by nine European countries. Eleven underlying conditions among cases with only one condition and the number of underlying conditions among multimorbid cases were used as exposures. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using 39 different age-adjusted and age-interaction multivariable logistic regression models, with marginal means from the latter used to estimate probabilities of severe outcome for each condition–age group combination.ResultsCancer, cardiac disorder, diabetes, immunodeficiency, kidney, liver and lung disease, neurological disorders and obesity were associated with elevated risk (aOR: 1.5–5.6) of hospitalisation and death, after controlling for age, sex, reporting period and country. As age increased, age-specific aOR were lower and predicted probabilities higher. However, for some conditions, predicted probabilities were at least as high in younger individuals with the condition as in older cases without it. In multimorbid patients, the aOR for severe disease increased with number of conditions for all outcomes and in all age groups.ConclusionWhile supporting age-based vaccine roll-out, our findings could inform a more nuanced, age- and condition-specific approach to vaccine prioritisation. This is relevant as countries consider vaccination of younger people, boosters and dosing intervals in response to vaccine escape variants.     

Application of the Kaiser score by MRI in patients with breast lesions by ultrasound and mammography

PURPOSEThis study aimed to verify whether the use of the Kaiser score can improve the diagnostic performance in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for suspicious lesions and avoid further invasive diagnostic approaches.METHODSThis retrospective study enrolled 97 patients who underwent breast MRI before undergoing breast biopsy or surgery. Evaluations were conducted on all MRI images individually by 2 radiologists using the Kaiser score. Neither radiologist had the knowledge of the final histopathological diagnosis. The ability of the Kaiser score in diagnosis was established via a receiver performing characteristic (ROC) analysis, which was measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Youden index was used to define the optimal cutoff value. Kaiser score categories were dichotomized into positive (cutoff score > 4) and negative scores (cutoff score ≤ 4). Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to analyze the inter-rater agreement.RESULTSHistopathology revealed 56 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The AUC for all lesions evaluated by the Kaiser score was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.981-1.0) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.920-0.996) for 2 radiologists, respectively. Inter-rater agreement of the dichotomized Kaiser score was excellent (κ = 0.894, P < .001). A total of 20 lesions (33.8%) previously categorized as BI-RADS 4 were reduced to BI-RADS 2/3 (19 benign lesions and 1 malignant lesion).CONCLUSIONThe Kaiser score is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic tool for improving the diagnostic ability of radiologists, whose experiences in breast MRI are diverse. In some cases, the application of the Kaiser score could possibly avoid unnecessary breast biopsies.     

Timing and Identification of the Cause and Treatment of a Cardiac Arrest: A Potential Survival Benefit

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate how mobile medical teams (MMTs) search for the etiology of a cardiac arrest (CA) and to investigate the association between the discovery of etiology and patient outcome.Subjects and MethodsResuscitations of all adult patients who experienced an in- or out-of-hospital CA between 2016 and 2018 were video recorded. All video recordings were reviewed. The time to start of “cause analysis” and time to treatment by the MMT were analyzed. Also, investigations performed during etiologic evaluation were examined: heteroanamnesis, medical history-taking, clinical examinations, technical investigations, and the use of the 4Hs and 4Ts method.ResultsOf the 139 CA events included in this study, the MMTs performed etiologic evaluation in only 75% of the resuscitations, and in 20% of the evaluations, they did not use the recommended 4Hs and 4Ts method. Medical history-taking and heteroanamnesis were performed in the large majority, but often without clear cause. A presumptive etiology was found in 46.8% of out-of-hospital CAs and 65.2% of in-hospital CAs. A significant association was found between return of spontaneous circulation and the discovery of presumable etiology for out-of-hospital CAs (p < 0.001). The median time to treatment was 492 s (recommended: 130–250 s) for nonshockable rhythms and 422 s (recommended: 270–390 s) for shockable rhythms, up to twice the time advised according to the guidelines.ConclusionThe current approach for etiologic evaluation is not ideal. Further research is needed to establish a more structured and simplified approach.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间护士睡眠及健康状况调查与分析

目的 通过调查我院护理人员的睡眠现状和身心健康问题,探讨影响因素,为提高和改善护理人员睡眠质量,促进护理人员身心健康提供依据.方法 以我院参与临床及相关工作的532名护理人员为研究对象,自行拟定具有特色的调查问卷,调查新冠肺炎疫情期间睡眠情况、存在的睡眠问题及身体和精神状况.结果 多数护士在新冠肺炎疫情期间睡眠时间及睡...