T2-weighted and T1-weighted dynamic superparamagnetic iron oxide (ferucarbotran) enhanced MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodules

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Iron oxide contrast medium (ferucarbotran) shortens both T1 and T2 relaxation time. We used the T2- and the T1-weighted dynamic ferucarbotran-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to predict the histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to distinguish HCC from hyperplastic nodules. METHODS: Forty-three patients with 48 representative hepatic lesions (13 well differentiated HCC, 19 moderately differentiated HCC, 4 poorly differentiated HCC, 12 hyperplastic nodules) were included in the study. T1-weighted image, T2-weighted turbo spin echo, and T2*EPI (echo-planar) images were obtained before and after ferucarbotran injection. The percentage T2 signal intensity loss (T2 PSIL) of the tumors was calculated at 5 minutes and 25 minutes after contrast injection. The enhancement in dynamic T1 images was interpreted by two independent radiologists. RESULTS: The T2 PSIL of well differentiated HCC was 39.5 +/- 8.23%, moderately differentiated HCC was 26.4 +/- 13.78%, poorly differentiated HCC was 4.4 +/- 9.42%, and hyperplastic nodules was 44.3 +/- 11.04%. Comparison of T2 PSIL showed significant differences in the three histologically graded HCCs (p < 0.001), but not between the well differentiated HCCs and hyperplastic nodules (p > 0.05). Delayed post-contrast (25 minutes) T2-weighted images were not necessary and shortened the examination time. In the post contrast dynamic T1 study, no significant differences between all the groups was seen. CONCLUSION: Ferucarbotran MR images help in differentiating the different histologic grades of HCC but T2 PSIL could not differentiate hyperplastic nodules from well differentiated HCC. Dynamic post contrast T1-weighted images provide no additional information.     

Gastric ulcer disease in infants: US findings

Among 600 infants examined with ultrasound for vomiting, seven (mean age, 3 months) had distinctive features that can be considered diagnostic of gastric ulcer. The findings are thickening of the mucosa (greater than 4 mm) in the antropyloric region, elongation of the antropyloric canal, persistent spasm, and delayed gastric emptying. Two of the infants had slight thickening of the pyloric muscle. Gastrointestinal series or endoscopy demonstrated thickened gastric mucosa and a deformed gastric antrum in all infants, as well as actual ulceration in five.     

临床护士心肺复苏培训技能保留的研究

[目的]研究临床护士心肺复苏(CPR)技能保留情况,寻找最佳的再培训时间间隔.[方法]抽取3所三级甲等医院的内科、外科和急诊科在职临床护士162名,分别采用传统讲授练习(A组)、多媒体指导练习(B组)和自我指导练习(C组)法进行培训,测试培训前、培训后立即、培训后3个月和培训后6个月成人单人CPR操作成绩,并进行不同阶段的比较.[结果]3组培训后CPR技能保留显著提高(P＜0.01);但在培训后3个月和培训后6个月时技能保留明显下降(P＜0.01),A组、C组在培训后3个月时不能实施有效CPR,B组培训后接近6个月时不能实施有效CPR.[结论]采用传统讲授练习和自我指导练习方法对临床护士进行CPR技能培训应在培训后3个月时即开始再培训;采用多媒体指导练习方法的再培训时间不宜超过培训后6个月.     

缺陷记录本的临床应用

医疗护理安全是医院生存和发展的基础,预防和减少护理缺陷的发生是安全护理工作的一项重要内容[1].随着医院规模的迅速扩大,许多科室以低年资护士为主,如何加强护理安全,做到零缺陷管理和无缝隙护理显得尤为重要.从2003年10月开始,我科除严格执行护理部制定的“护理缺陷登记报告“外,在科室内设计缺陷登记本,并实行班班交接,对预防缺陷的发生及缺陷发生后的及时补救起到了重要作用.……     

陕西三县农村成年男子艾滋病知识、态度和行为的调查研究

[目的]了解陕西三县农村成年男子艾滋病知识、态度、行为及其影响因素。[方法]采用描述性研究设计方法，应用问卷调查1100例18岁-60岁陕西农村成年男子艾滋病知识、态度和行为现状。[结果]艾滋病知识的总正确率为47．1％；3条主要传播途径正确率为20．4％-81．8％；42．8％成年男子对艾滋病和艾滋病病人／感染者有较大的偏见和歧视；6．0％-7．0％有过高危性行为。知识得分与相关态度和行为之间呈显著性相关，文化程度和家庭年收入与知识得分呈正相关（P〈0．05），年龄和职业与态度得分呈正相关（P〈0．05）。文化程度和婚姻状况与高危性行为呈负相关（P〈0．05）。[结论]在陕西农村应针对普通人群，进一步开展关于艾滋病相关知识的健康教育。     

The pharmacology of a new pasteurized antihemophilic factor concentrate derived from human blood plasma

The pharmacology of a new pasteurized factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate derived from human blood plasma was studied in 23 adults with hemophilia A. In Part 1 of the study involving six nonbleeding subjects, the mean increase in FVIII activity was 1.43 +/- 0.34 U per ml 10 minutes after an intravenous dose of 50 U per kg. The intravascular survival kinetics in these six patients showed a biphasic decay curve with an initial mean half-life of 5.1 +/- 1.2 hours probably representing early redistribution, and a late half-life of 13.3 +/- 4.9 hours. In Part 2 of the study, the activity at 10 minutes was measured in another 17 patients, as well as in one patient already studied in Part 1. The mean increase in activity with the 24 observations was 1.13 +/- 0.37 U per ml with a mean FVIII dosage of 51.0 +/- 2.6 U per kg of body weight. Only one patient had an allergic reaction, which did not recur when the patient was given a second lot.