Inhibition of human catechol-O-methyltransferase-mediated dopamine O-methylation by daphnetin and its Phase II metabolites

1.?Finding and developing inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from natural products is highly recommended. Daphnetin, a naturally occurring catechol from the family thymelaeaceae, has a chemical structure similar to several potent COMT inhibitors reported previously. Here the potential of daphnetin and its Phase II metabolites as inhibitors of COMT was investigated with human liver cytosol (HLC).

2.?Daphnetin and its methylated metabolite (8-O-methyldaphnetin) were found to inhibit COMT-mediated dopamine O-methylation in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values for daphnetin (0.51～0.53?μM) and 8-O-methyldaphnetin (22.5～24.3?μM) were little affected by changes in HLC concentrations. Further kinetic analysis showed the differences in inhibition type and parameters (K_i) between daphnetin (competitive, 0.37?μM) and 8-O-methyldaphnetin (noncompetitive, 25.7?μM). Other metabolites, including glucuronidated and sulfated species, showed negligible inhibition against COMT. By using in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IV-IVE), a 24.3-fold increase in the exposure of the COMT substrates was predicted when they are co-administrated with daphnetin.

3.?With high COMT-inhibiting activity, daphnetin could serve as a lead compound for the design and development of new COMT inhibitors. Also, much attention should be paid to the clinical impact of combination of daphnetin and herbal preparations containing daphnetin with the drugs primarily cleared by COMT.     

Robotic partial nephrectomy: Current technique and outcomes

Over the past decade, management of the T1 renal mass has focused on nephron‐sparing surgery. Robotic partial nephrectomy has played an increasing role in the technique of preserving renal function by decreasing warm ischemia time, as well as optimizing outcomes of hemorrhage and fistula. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy is designed to provide a minimally‐invasive nephron‐sparing surgical option utilizing reconstructive capability, decreasing intracorporeal suturing time, technical feasibility and safety. Ultimately, its benefits are resulting in its dissemination across institutions. Articulated instrumentation and three‐dimensional vision facilitate resection, collecting system reconstruction and renorrhaphy, leading to decreased warm ischemia time while preserving oncological outcomes. The aim of the present review was to present our surgical sequence and technique, as well as review the current status of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.     

盲人实时景物辨知仪的设计及研究

将景物视为具有灰阶的黑白画面,然后将其亮度高于或低于一定灰度值的部分用电路定义为0,而将其余部分用电路定义为1,由此将彩色景物转换为仅由黑白两种颜色表示的＂木刻画＂,再将此＂木刻画＂中的两种颜色中的一种用振动的像素表示出来供盲人触摸。盲人靠触摸这种＂木刻画＂可一定程度地实时辨知景物。此辨知仪稍加改造还能辨别彩色景物。     

Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses in CTA using fuzzy distance transform

Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses is useful for the diagnosis of several coronary heart diseases. Being noninvasive, economical and informative, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has become a common modality for monitoring disease status and treatment effects. Here, we present a new method for detecting and quantifying coronary arterial stenosis in CTA using fuzzy distance transform (FDT) approach and a new coherence analysis of observed data for computing expected local diameter. FDT allows computing local depth at each image point in the presence of partial voluming and thus, eliminates the need for binarization, commonly, associated with inclusion of additional errors. In the current method, coronary arterial stenoses are detected and their severities are quantified by analyzing FDT values along the medial axis of an arterial tree obtained by its skeletonization. A new skeletal pruning algorithm has been developed toward improving the quality of medial axes and thereby, enhancing the accuracy of stenosis detection and quantification. Further, we have developed a new method to estimate “expected diameter” along a given arterial branch using a new coherence analysis of observed diameter values along the branch. The overall method is completed in the following steps - (1) fuzzy segmentation of coronary artery in CTA, (2) FDT computation of coronary arteries, (3) medial axis computation, (4) estimation of observed and expected diameters along arteries and (5) detection of stenoses and quantification of arterial blockage. The performance of this method has been quantitatively evaluated on a realistic coronary artery phantom dataset with randomly simulated stenoses and the results have been compared with a binary distance transform based and a conventional binary algorithm. The method has also been applied on a clinical CTA dataset from thirteen heart patients and the results have been compared with an expert's quantitative assessment of stenoses. Results of the phantom experiment indicate that the new method (error: 0.53%) is significantly more accurate as compared to both binary distance transform based (error 2.11%) and conventional binary (error 3.71%) methods. Also, the results of the clinical study indicate that the new FDT-based method (kappa coefficient = 87.9%) is highly in agreement with the expert's assessments and, in this respect, outperforms the other two methods (kappa coefficients = 75.2% and 69.5%).     

眼底炫彩成像联合光相干断层扫描对视网膜动脉阻塞快速诊断及分类

目的:探讨眼底炫彩成像(MCI)联合光相干断层扫描成像(OCT)在视网膜动脉阻塞(RAO)的快速诊断及分类中的应用。方法:对本院2018-02/2020-07诊断为RAO的患者19例19眼进行回顾性研究。所有患者在经过眼科检查后确诊为RAO,均为单眼发病,其中视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)13眼,视网膜分支动脉阻塞(BRAO)5眼,睫状视网膜动脉残留的CRAO 1眼。所有患者行最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯、OCT、MCI、FFA及视野检查及分析。结果:经裂隙灯检查,12眼(63%)出现瞳孔对光反射迟钝或消失,16眼(84%)可发现全部或部分后极部视网膜苍白水肿,10眼(53%)可发现视网膜动脉变细。行FFA检查的患者为10例(53%),其余9例未行检查,其中6例患有严重的系统性疾病,2例拒绝检查、1例有药物过敏史。所有患者经MCI及OCT检查可发现特征性眼底表现,OCT特征性改变为弥漫性内层视网膜反射增强与MCI图像绿色缺血区域形成严密的一对一关系。结论:联合MCI及OCT检查可快速确诊RAO,而且结合两者的图像特征可更精确辨认出视网膜缺血区域,有助于疾病分类及预后判断。     

某小区二次供水水箱污染事件调查

目的调查无锡某小区居民生活饮用水的污染原因。方法 2011年9月底,无锡市某小区居民生活饮用水受到污染,出现类似油漆的异臭异味。调查人员经过现场勘查发现,二次供水水箱所在泵房刚进行过油漆地坪作业,泵房中油漆味浓烈。在现场采集了二次供水水箱进口水、水箱内储存水、水箱近端A号和远端B号两户居民家二次供水及物业办公区直供水,共计5份水样带回实验室进行检测。检测项目为pH、肉眼可见物、浑浊度、色度、臭和味、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、总有机碳、挥发酚类等12项指标,检出结果按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行评价。结果该小区二次供水水箱内储存水、近端A号和远端B号两户居民家二次供水有异臭异味,并且此三个水样中有微量甲苯和二甲苯检出,但均未超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)规定的限值。结论这是一起由于生活水泵房进行油漆作业而引起的小区二次供水污染事件。     

微生物检验泌尿系统的病原菌结果研究

目的探究微生物检验泌尿系统病原菌的结果。方法选取2019年6月至2020年3月本院泌尿科收治的120例泌尿系统感染患者为研究对象。使用实验室微生物检测其泌尿系统的病原菌,比较泌尿系统病原菌的类型与药敏试验结果。结果120株病原菌中革兰阴性菌65株(54.17%),革兰阳性菌30株(25.00%),假丝酵母菌25株(20.83%)。革兰阴性菌中大部分为大肠埃希菌(76.92%);革兰阳性菌中大部分为鸟肠球菌(40.00%);假丝酵母菌中大部分为白假丝酵母菌(52.00%);通过药敏试验发现,对亚胺培南与阿米卡星敏感度较高的是大肠埃希菌,对头孢他啶、阿莫西林与舒巴坦敏感度较高的是鸟肠球菌;对头孢呋辛、替考拉宁和青霉素G敏感度较高的是白假丝酵母菌。结论泌尿系统感染疾病的主要致病菌是革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌,因此,在对有泌尿系统感染症状患者的临床诊断与治疗过程中应对患者的病原菌实施实验室微生物检测,从而选择合适的抗菌药物。     

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the thoracic spine with myelopathy: case report and review of the literature

Background contextPolyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD) seldom involves the thoracic spine and usually presents with back pain.PurposeTo describe an extremely rare presentation of an uncommon disease.Study design/settingWe present a case report from a university hospital.MethodsWe report a case of symptomatic thoracic PFD associated with myelopathy and pathologic fracture. A thorough search of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed for the terms “polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,” “spine,” and “neurological deficit.”ResultsThe patient was treated by posterior laminectomy, vertebroplasty, and pedicle screw fixation and fusion. Satisfactory results were achieved, and there were no complications.ConclusionsIn the spine, PFD may lead to pathologic fracture and myelopathy even after adolescence. Vertebroplasty with or without decompression and fixation may be the appropriate option for cases with myelopathy.