Interaction between auditory and motor systems in speech perception

Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the “cocktail-party” problem.     

Urinary stone analysis on 12,846 patients: a report from a single center in China

We reported a retrospective review of the urinary stone compositions in 12,846 patients. Data on urinary stone compositions analyzed between January 2003 and December 2012 in our center were collected. Infrared spectroscopy was used for stone analysis. Predominant stone component was recorded. Patients were divided into four age groups: 0–18, 19–40, 41–60, and 61–92, and five categories by components. In order to determine the change of stone characteristics with respect to time, data were also divided into two periods, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012. A total of 12,846 stones were included in this study. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 92 years with 7,736 males and 5,110 females. Stone made of single component was rare, 2.61 %. Calcium oxalate stone was the most common component at 82.56 %. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones were more common in male than in female. The incidence of calcium phosphate stones and uric acid stones had increased during the past 5 years, while calcium oxalate stones decreased. We found the highest incidence of stone disease in the 41–60 years old group and the lowest in the 1–18 years old for both genders. Calcium oxalate was the dominant component in every group but was more prevalent in 19–40 years group. The percentage of magnesium ammonium phosphate stone and uric acid stone increased with age.     

Cavernous Angiomas of the Cauda Equina: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes

Cavernous angioma (CA) is a rare hamartomatous vascular lesion, consisting of abnormal, dilated, and packed sinusoidal vascular channels without interposed nervous tissue. CAs of the cauda equina are exceedingly rare and have been previously reported in the literature as case reports. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical presentation and the outcomes of microsurgery for these rare lesions. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 10 patients who underwent microsurgery for CAs of the cauda equina. All patients had performed pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CAs of the cauda equina generally exhibited mixed intensity on T₁- and T₂-weighted images. Contrast-enhanced T₁-weighted images showed heterogeneous enhancement. The hemosiderin ring which surrounded the cauda equina CA was rare. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases. All patients were followed up, with a mean duration of 41.1 months. Long-term neurological function was improved in nine patients and remained stable in one patient. No recurrence was observed on MRI. CAs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina tumors. Because of the excessive vascularity of CAs, en bloc resection is recommended. For symptomatic patients, early surgery should be performed before neurological deficits deteriorate.     

纳米树脂美学修复前牙缺损牙的临床观察

将80名患者的96颗不同程度龋损或者有缺损的牙齿,随机分2组：实验组48颗（40例患者）采用纳米树脂充填,对照组48颗（40例患者）采用瓷冠类修复,观察0．5～1年,发现实验组和对照组的患者满意率及修复后并发症控制成功率无明显差异。使用纳米树脂可以使患者就诊次数少、牙体损伤小、术后并发症少,费用低。     

关于血细胞计数仪白细胞分类的评价

美国Coulter 有集团公司生产的JT3型血球计数仪能计数全血细胞同时也能得出白细胞分类的结果.我们用此仪器测试258份门诊病人静脉血标本,同人工显微镜检查结果进行了比较.证明此仪器淋巴细胞和粒细胞的分析结果准确可靠,相关系数分别为0.951和0.930,单核细胞相关系数为0.468.对于嗜酸和嗜碱细胞增高,此仪器可作出定性提示,准确性较高.可疑有异常细胞的标本,此仪器能在报告上示出报警信号,阳性率为22%,其中真阳性占32%.假阴性结果占阴性标本的0.5%.JT3计数仪操作简便,分析标本速度快,白细胞分类结果可以作为常规血液检查的筛选手段.     

iCIK过继性细胞治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌的回顾性研究

目的研究改良的细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞（iCIK）过继性治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的疗效。方法回顾2008年7月至2013年4月60例OSCC患者,根据治疗方式分为iCIK组（手术治疗＋iCIK治疗）及对照组（手术治疗）,不良预后者术后行放疗或放化疗。统计两组的复发转移率、生存率、无病生存期及总生存期。分析iCIK组培养前后外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）及iCIK细胞的T细胞亚群比例及Th1细胞因子分泌水平。结果 iCIK组复发转移率低于对照组（16.67％vs 40.00％,χ2＝4.022, P＝0.045）,且无病生存期高于对照组（50.96±3.69 vs 38.15±4.90,χ2＝4.163,P＝0.041）。但两组的死亡率及总体生存期差异无统计学意义。 iCIK培养后T细胞及CTL细胞比例、IL-2及IFN-γ水平显著增高。不良反应发生率为1.17％,无严重不良反应。结论 iCIK辅助治疗可延长OSCC患者无病生存期,减少复发或转移的发生,但未改变最终的预后,长期疗效有待进一步观察。 iCIK高表达CD3＋CD8＋,分泌高浓度的Th1细胞因子,具有较强的细胞免疫及抗肿瘤能力,且治疗安全性良好。