超声内镜引导下经口胆囊穿刺引流术 入路选择的实验研究

目的 比较超声内镜引导下经胃窦和十二指肠球部胆囊穿刺引流术的操作难度、手术效果、术 后并发症及后续胆汁对胃黏膜的影响。方法 实验猪8 头,将其分为经胃窦组和经十二指肠球部组,每组4 头。 在腹腔镜下实时观察超声内镜引导下经胃窦和十二指肠球部胆囊穿刺引流术,并于模型复制术后10 d 处死 实验动物,取吻合口及胃黏膜观察组织学改变。结果 两组均有3 头猪完全成功,两组操作成功率均为75%。 经胃窦组平均操作时间短于经十二指肠球部组（21.67 min VS 26.67 min）（P <0.05）,而胃黏膜损伤病理评分 总分高于经十二指肠球部组（8.33 分 VS 6.33 分）（P <0.05）。结论 猪动物模型中,超声内镜引导下经十二 指肠球部胆囊穿刺引流术操作难度稍大,但术后并发症少,较经胃窦胆囊穿刺引流术有优势。     

结直肠癌γ-synuclein基因启动子CpG岛的去甲基化及其临床意义

目的 探讨结直肠癌中γ-synuclein基因的表达与启动子区CpG岛甲基化修饰之间的关系,以及γ-synuclein基因去甲基化水平与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用半定量RT-PCR法检测30例结直肠癌和相应癌旁组织中γ-synuclein基因的表达及去甲基化试剂5-杂氮-2＇-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-C）干预对结直肠癌细胞COLO205、LoVo和SW480的γ-synuclein基因表达的影响.采用亚硫酸氢盐修饰测序（BSP）法检测5-Aza-C处理前后CpG岛的甲基化情况.采用巢式甲基化PCR（NMSP）及实时荧光定量MSP法检测67例结直肠癌组织和30例相应癌旁组织中γ-synuclein基因的甲基化状态,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系.结果结直肠癌组织中γ-synuclein mRNA的表达水平0.66±0.34,高于相应癌旁组织的0.45±0.26,差异有统计学意义（P=0.011）.5-Aza-C处理后,COLO205、LoVo和SW480细胞γ-synuclein mRNA表达水平明显上升,同时γ-synuclein基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化水平明显降低.80.0%（24/30）的结直肠癌组织和50.0%（15/30）的相应癌旁组织的γ-synuclein基因被去甲基化,结直肠癌组织中γ-synuclein基因去甲基化的趋势明显强于相应癌旁组织（P=0.030）.γ-synuclein基因的去甲基化水平与结直肠癌的淋巴结转移、临床病理分期及远处转移有关.结论 结直肠癌中γ-synuclein基因的上调表达与启动子区CpG岛的去甲基化状态有一定关联,γ-synuclein基因的去甲基化水平有望成为结直肠癌患者判断预后的潜在标志物.     

双主动脉弓矫治术患儿的围术期护理

对6例双主动脉弓患儿行矫治术,结果均成功离断左前弓,无术中并发症,术后1例并发乳糜胸行导管结扎术后痊愈。本组住院15~35 d痊愈出院。提出术前保持呼吸道通畅,积极控制感染,补充营养;术后加强呼吸道护理,监测上下肢血流情况,早期防治并发症是确保手术成功的关键环节。     

经会阴超声定位穿刺置管硬化治疗精囊囊肿(附3例报告)

目的:探讨穿刺置管硬化治疗精囊囊肿的疗效.方法:对3饲病人经会阴超声定位穿刺置管硬化术治疗精囊囊肿.结果:随访5-7年,病人症状体征消失,复查B超及经直肠超声未发现精囊囊肿复发.结论:经会阴超声定位穿刺置管硬化术,疗效确切,方便安全,可广泛用于精囊囊肿的治疗,对较大的精囊囊肿尤为适用.     

Comparison of serum tumor markers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

Serum tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA242, and CA50 were analyzed to evaluate their diagnostic values in single and combined tests for distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preoperative serum levels of AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA242, and CA50 were measured in 45 ICC and 76 HCC patients. The serum levels and the positive rate of AFP, CA19-9, and CA242 were significantly different between the ICC patients and HCC patients. Although AFP (-) was the most sensitive assay for distinguishing ICC from HCC (91.1%), its specificity was significantly lower than that of CA242 (+) and CA19-9 (+). The combination of AFP (-) and CA242 (+) afforded a high specificity of 94.3 per cent and showed highest accuracy (78.5%). Evaluation of patients without liver cirrhosis also showed similar results. The diagnostic value of CA242 (+) is better than that of CA19-9 (+) and AFP (-) in distinguishing ICC from HCC. Combined detection of AFP (-) and CA242 (+) can improve the specificity and accuracy of diagnosing ICC.     

The correlation between TNF-α, IL-6 in cervical mucous during follicular development and ovulation stimulation in different protocols

Objective To investigate the correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 levels in cervical mucous during follicular development and ovulation stimulation in different protocols.Methods 36 infertile women were set up as experimental groups,divided into CC, HMG, IVF-ET group,each group consisted of 12 infertile women and 15 women with normal menstrual cycles were choiced as control group.Cervical mucous during follicular phase, luteal phase and ovulation phase were collected.TNF-α, IL-6 levels in cervical mucous were measured by radioimmunology assay (RIA).Follicular development were monitored by transvaginal ultrasonagraphy.Results (1) TNF-α levels in cervical mucous of experimental groups and control group were periodically various among the reproductive cycle.It increased during follicular phase, reached to peak during ovulation phase, and decreased during luteal phase (P＜0.05).IL-6 levels had no obvious periodical changes.(2) Compared with CC and control group, levels of TNF-α,IL-6 in HMG and IVF-ET group were significantly higher (P＜0.05).(3) Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in cervical mucous were positively correlated with the dominant follicle diameter (r=0.261, r=0.192 respectively,P＜0.05).(4) TNF-α and IL-6 showed positive correlation in the reproductive cycle (r=0.782,P＜0.05).Conclusions (1) TNF-α level shows a cyclic change in the reproductive cycle and peaks during ovulation,whereas IL-6 level does not.(2) TNF-α and IL-6 may play a certain role in the process of follicular development and ovulation.(3)The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are up-regulated by gonadotrophic hormone.(4) TNF-α and IL-6 may have coordination properties and participate in the same biological effects.     

云南白药联合山莨菪碱治疗化疗性静脉炎效果观察

目的 探讨云南白药联合山莨菪碱治疗化学性静脉炎的临床效果.方法 将行静脉化疗发生Ⅲ、Ⅳ级静脉炎60例患者随机分成观察组与对照组各30例,观察组将云南白药1 g与山莨菪碱10 mg调成糊状适量均匀敷于静脉炎处,用无菌纱布包扎,每日换药1次,直至治愈.对照组采用庆大霉素8万U、地塞米松5 mg加生理盐水5 ml纱布湿敷,予保鲜膜包裹,每6小时加药1次,直至治愈.结果 两组均100%治愈,对照组治愈时间为(14.53±6.40)d,观察组为(6.57±2.57)d,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(t=6.324,P＜0.01).结论 云南白药联合山莨菪碱治疗化疗所致Ⅲ、Ⅳ级静脉炎能显著缩短治愈时间.     

带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用

目的探讨带翼型髋臼加强杯在重建髋臼肿瘤切除后骨缺损中的应用。方法 2003年6月-2009年12月,对25例髋臼肿瘤切除后HarringtonⅢ型骨缺损患者行带翼型髋臼加强杯联合人工全髋关节置换重建术。男13例,女12例;年龄13～73岁,平均51.2岁。患者主要临床症状为患侧髋部及臀部疼痛;病程1～96个月,中位病程6个月。转移瘤18例,多发性骨髓瘤3例,非何杰金淋巴瘤、Ⅰ级软骨肉瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、软骨母细胞瘤各1例。1例软骨母细胞瘤患者联合应用RIBBED人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国),6例应用国产春利正达骨水泥型人工全髋关节,其余患者均应用SPⅡ人工全髋关节(LINK公司,德国)。结果围手术期无死亡患者,发生深部感染1例、髋关节假体脱位2例。转移瘤患者中,8例死于肿瘤进展,平均生存11个月;10例患者生存,平均随访时间15个月。1例多发性骨髓瘤患者术后21个月死于肺部感染;其余多发性骨髓瘤及非何杰金淋巴瘤患者均生存,平均随访时间17个月。软骨母细胞瘤与软骨肉瘤患者分别随访58个月及12个月,无肿瘤局部复发。骨巨细胞瘤患者术后19个月肿瘤复发。3例患者因肿瘤复发导致髋臼内植物松动,其余患者均未出现内植物失败。23例患者术后6个月关节功能行美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS 93)功能评分系统评分,为57%～93%,平均81%。结论采用带翼型髋臼加强杯重建HarringtonⅢ型髋臼骨缺损,联合人工全髋关节置换,术后并发症发生率低,重建关节功能较好。     

HER-2是否可以作为前列腺癌分子治疗的靶点?

目的 探讨HER-2在前列腺癌中的表达情况,探索以HER-2为靶点对中晚期前列腺癌进行靶向治疗的可行性,为对中国前列腺癌患者开展分子靶向治疗提供理论依据.方法 利用长春市人群前列腺癌筛查资料,应用临床资料统计、形态学观察、免疫组化染色及血清学检测等方法对164例前列腺癌组织标本及54例血清标本进行HER-2基因表达及血清含量分析.结果 (1) 164例前列腺癌组织标本中HER-2免疫组化染色结果均阴性;(2)54例血清标本中有32例可以检测出HER-2含量,其中有3例＞10ng/ml(5.6％).结论 HER-2在长春地区人群中前列腺癌的表达水平非常低,以HER-2作为治疗前列腺癌的靶点是不可行的.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病58例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病的方法和价值。方法 1994年7月～2010年7月,完全胸腔镜下或胸腔镜辅助小切口完整切除胸腺、胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿58例：完全胸腔镜下切除33例,其中胸腺瘤切除8例,全胸腺切除7例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫3例,胸腺囊肿切除15例;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,其中胸腺瘤切除9例,全胸腺切除14例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫2例。结果 58例均在完全胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口下完成切除,无并发症。完全胸腔镜下切除33例,手术时间70～90 min,平均80 min;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,手术时间55～70 min,平均65 min。无中转开胸。术中出血50～100 ml,平均60 ml。术后留置胸腔闭式引流3～5 d,平均4 d。术后住院5～9 d,平均7 d。术后病理诊断：胸腺瘤34例,胸腺增生6例,胸腺囊肿15例,胸腺脂肪瘤3例。48例随访1～5年,其中〈2年19例,2～5年29例,均无复发。结论电视胸腔镜手术切除胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿安全可靠,切除彻底,具有微创、恢复快及并发症少的特点。