Assessing the practice of data quality evaluation in a national clinical data research network through a systematic scoping review in the era of real-world data

ObjectiveTo synthesize data quality (DQ) dimensions and assessment methods of real-world data, especially electronic health records, through a systematic scoping review and to assess the practice of DQ assessment in the national Patient-centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet).Materials and MethodsWe started with 3 widely cited DQ literature—2 reviews from Chan et al (2010) and Weiskopf et al (2013a) and 1 DQ framework from Kahn et al (2016)—and expanded our review systematically to cover relevant articles published up to February 2020. We extracted DQ dimensions and assessment methods from these studies, mapped their relationships, and organized a synthesized summarization of existing DQ dimensions and assessment methods. We reviewed the data checks employed by the PCORnet and mapped them to the synthesized DQ dimensions and methods.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 3 reviews, 20 DQ frameworks, and 226 DQ studies and extracted 14 DQ dimensions and 10 assessment methods. We found that completeness, concordance, and correctness/accuracy were commonly assessed. Element presence, validity check, and conformance were commonly used DQ assessment methods and were the main focuses of the PCORnet data checks.DiscussionDefinitions of DQ dimensions and methods were not consistent in the literature, and the DQ assessment practice was not evenly distributed (eg, usability and ease-of-use were rarely discussed). Challenges in DQ assessments, given the complex and heterogeneous nature of real-world data, exist.ConclusionThe practice of DQ assessment is still limited in scope. Future work is warranted to generate understandable, executable, and reusable DQ measures.     

王念孙释《广雅》医学词汇

三国时代魏张揖编著的《广雅》中收录有医学词汇,清代训诂大家王念孙所著的《广雅疏证》是《广雅》最好的注本,最注重以声音通训诂、系联同源词,以此对词义进行训释,沟通词际关系。以《广雅》中收录的医学词汇为语料,挖掘王念孙在《广雅疏证》中训释医词时所使用的破通假、系同源、沟通普通词汇与医学词汇等理论、方法,并结合王念孙在校勘《广雅》文本中存在的误字、脱文、衍文等问题时采用的校勘学方法,从中探索当今医学词汇研究可以借鉴的释词方法。     

不同临床分型的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者影像学表现

目的 探讨不同临床分型的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析71例COVID-19患者的电子计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）影像资料,分析普通型与重型及危重型患者的临床特点、影像学特点、优势分布以及出现好转时间,并进行统计学分析。结果 71例患者中,轻型12例,普通型45例,重型及危重型14例。临床表现方面,重型及危重型（6/14,42.9%;4/14,28.6%）伴乏力、胸闷及呼吸困难较轻型（0;0）及普通型（2/45,4.4%;0）明显,差异有统计学意义（P值分别为0.001,0.002）;普通型（30/45,66.7%）、重型及危重型（9/14,64.3%）C反应蛋白升高较轻型（2/12,16.7%）明显,差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）。CT表现,病变累及范围超过3个肺叶数：重型及危重型（13/14,92.9%）明显高于普通型（26/45,57.8%）;重型及危重型（12/14,85.7%）病变分布于两肺外周及中心多于普通型（20/45,44.4%）;病变表现为实变、病变内伴小叶间隔增厚,重型及危重型均多于普通型;以上表现两组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0.036、0.007、0.004、0.002）。对22例患者进行随访,CT表现达高峰及病情出现好转多发生在发病10 d后（40.9%,45.5%）。结论 普通型与重型及危重型COVID-19患者胸部CT在发病部位、病变密度、实变程度等方面具有不同特征,多数COVID-19患者多在发病10 d后好转。     

MiR-195 inhibits proliferation and growth and induces apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells by targeting FKN

MiR-195, which exhibits a proliferation-inhibiting role in different tumors, has been reported to be down-regulated in the ectopic endometrium. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of miR-195 on the biological characteristic of the endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). MiR-195 has been presumed to target the 3’-untranslated regions (3’-UTR) of Fractalkine (FKN), which also plays important roles in endometriosis. Fluorescence reporter assays showed that miR-195 effectively binds to the 3’-UTR of FKN. The normal ESCs showed a significant higher miR-195 expression than that of eutopic and ectopic ESCs associated with endometriosis, while the FKN expression showed opposite results. MiR-195 mimics inhibited proliferation and growth and induced apoptosis of eutopic ESCs, and these effects were abolished by FKN-siRNA. miR-195 could decrease the expression of survivin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and up-regulate the expression of CD82, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and TIMP2 of eutopic ESCs by targeting FKN. Our study has demonstrated for the first time that miR-195 plays important roles in regulating the functions of ESCs through targeting FKN. The information may be useful for developing a new therapeutic strategy for endometriosis.     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入治疗屈光不正的研究进展

屈光不正(refractive errors)是常见的眼科疾病,可以通过配镜、激光屈光手术等方法为患者进行矫正,但是这些方法对高度屈光不正、圆锥角膜等疾病的治疗有一定的局限性。有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL)植入术是矫正屈光不正的主要方式之一,目前主要应用于矫正高度近视和散光,为探讨ICL植入术矫正低、中、高度近视及远视等的安全性和有效性,本文将会对ICL植入术矫正屈光不正的研究进展进行综述。     

不同屈光度近视青少年儿童黄斑区血管密度和视网膜厚度的比较

目的:通过光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)观察与比较不同屈光度近视青少年儿童黄斑区血管密度和视网膜厚度的变化,并探讨其相关性。方法:前瞻性横断面研究。纳入6~18岁青少年儿童115例230眼。根据等效球镜度数(SE)分为4组:正视组16例32眼,低度近视组47例94眼,中度近视组34例68眼,高度近视组18例36眼。RTVueXR扫描黄斑区6mm×6mm范围,系统自动分区,分为以黄斑中心小凹为中心,直径分别为1mm的中心凹(fovea)环、1~3mm的内环(parafovea)、3~6mm的外环(perifovea),且每个圆环被进一步划分为颞(T)、上(S)、鼻(N)、下(I)4个象限,定量分析各分区浅层、深层毛细血管密度和视网膜厚度。结果:正视、低度、中度和高度近视组黄斑区整体浅层毛细血管密度依次显著减低,分别为(44.4±3.5)%、(44.8±3.8)%、(44.3±3.8)%、(42.6±4.5)%(F=2.963,P=0.033),内环颞侧浅层毛细血管密度分别为(46.1±3.5)%、(46.8±5.1)%、(46.2±4.3)%、(43.8±5.5)%(F=3.436,P=0.018);四组黄斑区整体深层毛细血管密度随着近视度数增加亦显著降低,分别为(49.9±4.1)%、(48.4±4.7)%、(47.9±5.5)%、(45.3±4.7)%(F=4.806,P=0.003),外环深层毛细血管密度分别为(49±4.4)%、(47.2±5.2)%、(46.6±6)%、(43.6±5.1)%(F=5.495,P=0.001)。四组黄斑区整体视网膜厚度分别为293.9±12.9、295.5±13.0、290.9±12.0、284.5±10.7μm(F=6.606,P<0.001)。内环颞侧、鼻侧浅层毛细血管密度与SE呈正相关(r=0.221、0.219,P=0.001、0.001),外环颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方深层毛细血管密度与SE呈正相关(r=0.172、0.200、0.250、0.296,P=0.011、0.003、<0.001、<0.001);黄斑区除中心凹外其余区域视网膜厚度与SE均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:随着青少年儿童近视度数的增加,黄斑区浅层毛细血管密度降低,以内环颞侧为甚;深层毛细血管密度降低,以外环范围内为甚;视网膜厚度降低,以内环和外环范围为甚。青少年儿童近视随着屈光度增加,会导致黄斑区结构和血流循环的变化,在高度近视眼中改变尤为显著。     

Electrospun fibers as a scaffolding platform for bone tissue repair

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of electrospun fiber diameter and orientation on differentiation and ECM organization of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), in attempt to provide rationale for fabrication of a periosteum mimetic for bone defect repair. Cellular growth, differentiation, and ECM organization were analyzed on PLGA‐based random and aligned fibers using fluorescent microscopy, gene analyses, electron scanning microscopy (SEM), and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). BMSCs on aligned fibers had a reduced number of ALP+ colony at Day 10 as compared to the random fibers of the same size. However, the ALP+ area in the aligned fibers increased to a similar level as the random fibers at Day 21 following stimulation with osteogenic media. Compared with the random fibers, BMSCs on the aligned fibers showed a higher expression of OSX and RUNX2. Analyses of ECM on decellularized spun fibers showed highly organized ECM arranged according to the orientation of the spun fibers, with a broad size distribution of collagen fibers in a range of 40–2.4 μm. Taken together, our data support the use of submicron‐sized electrospun fibers for engineering of oriented fibrous tissue mimetic, such as periosteum, for guided bone repair and reconstruction. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1382–1389, 2013     

全身综合治疗联合湿润烧伤膏外敷治疗老年重度烧伤疗效分析

目的总结分析全身综合治疗联合湿润烧伤膏外敷治疗老年重度烧伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年9月郫都区人民医院外科收治的符合纳入标准的48例老年重度烧伤患者的病历资料,所有患者均在补液抗休克、抗感染、脱水、改善血液供应、预防应激性溃疡等全身综合治疗的同时,采用湿润烧伤膏治疗局部创面,分析治疗效果,总结创面愈合时间、并发症发生情况及瘢痕增生情况。结果所有患者治疗期间均未出现休克、心衰等并发症,最终创面均完全愈合后出院,创面愈合时间为14～28 d;出院后随访1个月～3年,部分愈后皮肤留有表浅性瘢痕及少许色素脱失或色素沉着。结论全身综合治疗联合湿润烧伤膏局部外敷可有效减少老年重度烧伤患者休克、心衰等并发症的发生,促进创面愈合,减少瘢痕增生,疗效显著。     

WBC、hs-CRP与PCT在烧伤感染诊断及转归中的价值分析

目的探讨白细胞(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与降钙素原(PCT)在烧伤感染诊断及转归中的价值。方法选取2016年6月至2017年4月深圳市龙华区人民医院及遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院收治的62例烧伤感染患者与同期进行健康体检的30名健康体检者作为研究对象,经病原学检查后按照感染性质将烧伤感染者分为细菌感染组(38例)与非细菌感染组(24例),并将30名健康体检者设定为对照组,对比观察三组研究对象的WBC计数与hs-CRP、PCT水平变化情况,分析WBC计数与hs-CRP、PCT水平在烧伤感染诊断及转归中的价值。结果(1)细菌感染组患者的WBC计数与hs-CRP、PCT水平均显著高于非细菌感染组与对照组,P均0.01,差异具有统计学意义;非细菌感染组患者的hs-CRP水平显著高于对照组,P0.01,差异具有统计学意义。(2)细菌感染组患者中,Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤者hs-CRP与PCT水平均显著高于Ⅰ度烧伤者,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;Ⅲ度烧伤者PCT水平显著高于Ⅱ度烧伤者,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。(3)WBC计数诊断烧伤患者细菌感染的敏感度为0.621、特异度为0.582;hs-CRP水平诊断烧伤患者细菌感染的敏感度为0.694、特异度为0.607;PCT水平诊断烧伤患者细菌感染的敏感度为0.817、特意度为0.719。(4)细菌感染组患者PCT水平与血培养结果的一致性检验结果显示,Kappa值为0.946,P值为0.000,说明在判断细菌感染时PCT水平与血培养结果一致。结论 WBC在烧伤患者细菌感染诊断中的价值不及hs-CRP与PCT,且PCT在烧伤患者细菌感染的诊断中具有较强的敏感性与特异性,可作为诊断烧伤感染与判断烧伤转归的敏感指标。     

An enzymatic approach to configurationally rare trans‐androsteronyl‐α‐glucoside and Its potential anticancer application

Enzymatic glycosylation of sterols/steroids with glycosyltransferase HP0421 shows protein plasticity on generation of configurationally rare steryl‐α‐glucosides. Investigation of trans‐androsteronyl‐α‐glucoside on tamoxifen‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells shows dose‐dependent depression of cell viability and enhanced drug effectiveness, illustrating a new avenue for the production of novel steryl‐α‐glucosides with useful biological activities.