对高职生诊断教学的几点思考

诊断学是论述诊断疾病的基本理论、基本技能和临床思雏方法的一门学科。现存的高职诊断学教学中存在培养目标不明确、课程设王不舍理、教学模式陈旧单一、实习基地建设不足、考试评估体系不完善等问题。为此，我们可以采取明确培养目标；调整课程设置，增加实践教学；采用多种教学模式；加强实习基地的建设；改进测评手段。强化技能训练等措施加以改进。     

Experimental study on inhibitory effect of bridgy duct of hepatic artery on apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells

Objective： To investigate whether the method of bridgy duct established between the recipient＇s spleen artery and the donor＇s gastroduodenal artery could inhibit the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells caused by hepatic artery ischemia. Methods： Twenty-four mongrel dogs from Xi＇an area were used to establish simplified models of dog orthotopic liver transplantation and divided into three groups randomly： HAI group （hepatic artery ischemia group）,BBB group（bypassing the blood by a bridgy duct） and control group. After cold perfusion, The samples were collected from liver and bile duct in each group at different time and fixed in glutaraldehyde and 4% polyformaldehyde respectively. At last, the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells were observed and the apoptotic indexes were calculated. Results： Two hours after cold perfusion, apoptotic phenomenon was common in HAI group, rare in BBB group, while no apoptotic phenomenon was observed in control group. TUNEL staining showed that there was no significant difference in apoptotic index among the three groups immediately after cold perfusion. However, with time going, the apoptotic cells were increased in three groups, and the difference in apoptotic index was significant among three groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions： Bridgy duct of hepatic artery can inhibit the apoptosis of liver and bile duct cells caused by HAI significantly.     

The expression of TRPA1 mRNA in the rat brain

Objective： To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 （one kind of the TRP-like ion channel family） channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat. Methods： RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragment of TRPA1 in the DRG （dorsal root ganglion）, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult SD rat. In situ hybridization staining was used to show the distribution of TRPA1 mRNA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rat brain. Results： Both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization staining showed that TRPA1 mRNA was expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain. Conclusion： Our results suggest that there is expression of TRPA1 mRNA both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain.     

The V264M polymorphism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective： To investigate V264M polymorphism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） in Chinese. Methods ： The genotypes of V264M were detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） in 136 patients with ACS and 106 healthy controls with their plasmal f-TFPI tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： Two genotypes were found in V264M： GG and GA. The distribution frequencies of alleles and genotypes were in accordance with those predicted by Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the present study （χ2 = 0.437, P 〉 0.05）. Plasma f-TFPI level was lower in A allele bearer than that in non-A allele carriers and higher in ACS than control subjects （P〈0.05）. No relationship was found between ACS and V264M polymorphism （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The V264M polymorphism may have an impact on the plasma level of free TFPI（f-TFPI）, but it has no relationship with ACS.     

Hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis: a case report of new side effects of clozapine

1. 1. This case report of a Chinese male schizophrenic patient describes new side effects that have not been documented previously for patients treated with clozapine. At certain doses of clozapine, the patient showed direct adverse reactions, which include a combination of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis.

2. 2. In a four-year study of this patient who had no previous episodes of diabetes in his or his family history, the authors found that these symptoms disappeared upon withdrawal of clozapine and relapsed with re-treatment of the drug.

3. 3. This study indicates that hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis may need to be monitored on patients treated with clozapine.

     

螺旋CT虚拟内诊镜在小儿气管支气管异物诊断中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT虚拟内诊镜(CTVE)在小儿气管、支气管异物诊断上的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属徐州医院1998年1月至2004年12月收治的121例术前经CTVE诊断为气管支气管异物，并行支气管镜探查术患儿的诊疗情况，并分析CTVE诊断在临床应用上的意义及诊断的阳性符合率。 结果121例经CTVE诊断并行支气管镜探查证实并取除异物者115例，诊断符合率9504%。 结论CTVE检查是目前无创非侵入性诊断小儿气管支气管异物的较理想方法。     

Spinal pseudoarthrosis: a rare complication in psoriatic arthritis.

Discovertebral erosion with pseudoarthrosis is a well-known complication in ankylosing spondylitis but it is seldom mentioned in psoriatic arthritis. We report a 53-year-old woman with an 8-year history of psoriatic arthritis who developed severe low back pain followed by sudden onset of numbness in the lower limbs, weakness and dysesthesia. Abnormal contour of L1 and L2 vertebrae and intervertebral disc space was noted during radiologic examination. Pseudoarthrosis was suspected based on extensive osseous resorption and reactive sclerosis about the discovertebral junction on magnetic resonance imaging study. She underwent emergency operation due to spinal instability with neurologic deficit. Pseudoarthrosis was confirmed intraoperatively. No evidence of infection or neoplasms was found. This case shows that pseudoarthrosis can be complicated in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and this possibility should be considered in patients with previously quiescent disease.     

婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素

目的寻找婴幼儿喘息、儿童哮喘的危险及保护因素。方法1个月~3岁肺炎患儿82例、毛细支气管炎65例、婴幼儿哮喘76例,107例正常儿童作为对照。采用向家长书面问卷调查方法询问各组婴儿既往病史、家族及个人过敏史、怀孕出生及婴幼儿喂养情况、生活条件等。结果父母任何一方有喘息史、父母任何一方有其他过敏史、父母任何一方吸烟、湿疹等个人过敏史任何一种、父(母)亲有哮喘史及过敏史、兄弟姐妹有哮喘史及过敏史、个人有过敏性鼻炎、个人有药物过敏、母妊娠期间早孕反应重、母亲是素食者、母亲文化程度低是婴幼儿哮喘的危险因素;而自然分娩、婴幼儿期补充VitD和钙剂、生后冬季户外活动时间长、每天平均睡眠时间长、住所有上下水设备是婴幼儿哮喘的保护因素。结论个人过敏史和家族过敏史为婴幼儿哮喘的主要危险因素。     

重度子癎前期终止妊娠的时机方式与结局

目前治疗子疒间前期(PE)唯一有效的方法是终止妊娠。对晚发型重度子疒间前期,胎儿已经基本成熟或接近成熟,常毫不犹豫的终止妊娠。但对于早发型重度子疒间前期,如何处理却是临床产科医师面临的难题。过多延长孕周将导致母亲严重并发症,而过早终止妊娠却又因胎儿不成熟而使新生儿并发症和死亡率大大增加。而且这些妇女再次怀孕发生早发型重度子疒间前期的机率更高,其围生儿结局依然很差。因此。应选择适宜的分娩孕周,在保证母亲安全的同时获得健康存活的婴儿。1接近足月妊娠重度子疒间前期的处理妊娠36周后的重度子疒间前期患者,控制病情的…