A gut microbiota score predicting acute graft‐versus‐host disease following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Although studies have reported that intestinal microbiota are associated with acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD), they lacked a satisfactory method for predicting aGVHD. We collected stool and blood samples at day 15 posttransplant from 150 patients from two centers who underwent myeloablative conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Stool microbiota were detected by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; inflammatory factors and T lymphocytes were detected by multiplex immunoassays and flow cytometry, respectively. A gut microbiota score (GMS) from a LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) model was developed and validated to predict aGVHD. In the discovery cohort, the GMS could predict II‐IV aGVHD (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC] = 0.904, P < .0001). Furthermore, the validation model was consistent with the discovery set (AUC = 0.887, P < .0001). Regulatory T/T‐helper 17 (Treg/Th17) cells ratio in the low GMS subgroup was higher compared with the high GMS (P = .012), and the validation set is consistent with the discovery set (P = .003). In addition, high cytokine levels were associated with high GMS. In conclusion, the GMS at neutrophil engraftment could predict aGVHD, and it was a potential and novel method. The GMS was associated with the inflammatory factor and Treg/Th17 balance.     

Brain‐dead donor heart conservation with a preservation solution supplemented by a conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells improves graft contractility after transplantation

Hearts are usually procured from brain‐dead (BD) donors. However, brain death may induce hemodynamic instability, which may contribute to posttransplant graft dysfunction. We hypothesized that BD‐donor heart preservation with a conditioned medium (CM) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would improve graft function after transplantation. Additionally, we explored the PI3K pathway's potential role. Rat MSCs‐derived CM was used for conservation purposes. Donor rats were either exposed to sham operation or brain death by inflation of a subdural balloon‐catheter for 5.5 hours. Then, the hearts were explanted, stored in cardioplegic solution‐supplemented with either a medium vehicle (BD and sham), CM (BD + CM), or LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K (BD + CM + LY), and finally transplanted. Systolic performance and relaxation parameters were significantly reduced in BD‐donors compared to sham. After transplantation, systolic and diastolic functions were significantly decreased, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL)‐positive cells and endonuclease G positive cells were increased in the BD‐group compared to sham. Preservation of BD‐donor hearts with CM resulted in a recovery of systolic graft function (dP/dt_max: BD + CM: 3148 ± 178 vs BD: 2192 ± 94 mm Hg/s at 110 µL, P < .05) and reduced apoptosis. LY294002 partially lowered graft protection afforded by CM in the BD group. Our data suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway is not the primary mechanism of action of CM in improving posttransplant cardiac contractility and preventing caspase‐independent apoptosis.     

无管化微通道经皮肾镜取石术对肾结石患者的疗效及对CRP、IL-6、PCT水平的影响

目的研究无管化微通道经皮肾镜取石术对肾结石患者的疗效及对CRP、IL-6、PCT水平的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2017年4月本院收治的肾结石患者463例,按手术方式的不同分成研究组109例和对照组354例。对照组采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗,研究组予以无管化微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗。分别比较两组结石清除率,各项手术指标水平,治疗前后血清CRP、IL-6、PCT水平,术后并发症发生情况,手术前后生活质量评分情况。结果研究组结石清除率高于对照组,但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后置管时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后研究组血清CRP、IL-6、PCT水平(0.92±0.31)nmol/L、(42.73±13.69)ng/L、(0.72±0.25)ng/L,均明显低于对照组的(1.33±0.40)nmol/L、(51.20±15.04)ng/L、(0.97±0.66)ng/L(P<0.05)。研究组术后并发症发生率为4.59%(5/109),明显低于对照组的18.93%(67/354)(P<0.05)。术后研究组各项SF-36评分均明显高于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无管化微通道经皮肾镜取石术可能成为治疗肾结石的有效手段之一,对患者早日康复,减少并发症的发生以及改善预后均可能具有一定的积极促进作用。     

急性肾损伤2期与3期连续肾脏替代治疗对危重急性肾损伤患者预后的影响比较

目的比较急性肾损伤(AKI)2期与AKI 3期连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对危重AKI患者预后的影响。方法以2017年2月至2018年10月在本院ICU实施CRRT的56例危重AKI 2~3期患者为研究对象,按照2012年国际改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO)制订的新的AKI标准,将患者分为AKI 2期组(26例)与AKI 3期组(30例)。比较两组的预后指标(住院时间、CRRT持续时间、28 d肾功能恢复率、28 d全因病死率)及治疗前后的急性生理学和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACEⅡ)评分,采用Kaplan-Meier法对两组进行生存分析。结果AKI 3期组患者的CRRT持续时间[(188.6±112.5)h vs.(96.3±44.7)h]、28 d全因病死率[66.7%(20/30)vs.15.4%(4/26)]均明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05),28 d肾功能恢复率[36.7%(11/30)vs.92.3%(24/26)]均明显低于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者APACEⅡ评分均明显降低(P<0.05),AKI 3期组患者的APACEⅡ评分[(23.4±3.6)分vs.(19.8±2.1)分]明显高于AKI 2期组(P<0.05);AKI 3期组患者的生存中位时间(34 d vs.109 d)明显短于AKI 2期组(P<0.05)。结论AKI 2期启动CRRT能够明显降低28 d全因病死率,延长生存中位时间,改善患者的健康状况。     

经腹入路两种途径行腹腔镜下左侧输尿管切开取石术在学习初期的比较

目的对经验不足的外科医生,比较腹腔镜下经腹入路肠系膜间途径行输尿管切开取石术与传统经腹入路侧结肠途径行输尿管切开取石术的疗效。方法回顾性分析郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院在2014年3月至2018年3月期间收治的59例左侧肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者的资料,采用常规侧结肠入路32例,而经中结肠系膜间入路27例,比较围手术期结果和随访资料,比较两种方法患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后肠道功能恢复,术后疼痛程度等情况。结果经中结肠入路组手术时间明显短于常规侧结肠入路组(P<0.05),经中结肠系膜间入路组术后疼痛明显减轻,两组患者在术中失血量、术后进食时间、住院时间等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过中结肠系膜间途径直接暴露输尿管可节省游离侧结肠所需时间。该方法对于经验有限的外科医生也是安全可行的,并具有与侧结肠手术相似的成功率。     

新型护理流程在腹股沟疝日间手术患者中的应用

目的探讨新型护理流程在腹股沟疝日间手术患者中的应用。 方法选取2018年6月至2019年6月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院疝和腹壁外科日间腹股沟疝手术患者224例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为试验组和对照组,每组112例。2组患者均行腹股沟疝修补术,对照组患者采用普通病房日常管理模式,给予常规护理;试验组患者应用新型护理流程。2组术后均随访2～6个月,比较2组患者对护理的满意度、患者对腹股沟疝疾病知识知晓率及护士错误率、工作时间。 结果试验组总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组患者对疾病知晓率高于对照组,试验组护士错误率低于对照组,试验组护士工作时间明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论对日间腹股沟疝手术患者运用新型护理流程进行病房管理,优化了医护人员工作流程,提高护理工作质量,提高了患者对疾病知晓程度,增加了参与感,整体就医感受满意度明显提高。同时护理资源得到有效利用,具有推广的价值。