全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4968篇 |
免费 | 370篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 59篇 |
儿科学 | 193篇 |
妇产科学 | 143篇 |
基础医学 | 663篇 |
口腔科学 | 118篇 |
临床医学 | 654篇 |
内科学 | 878篇 |
皮肤病学 | 128篇 |
神经病学 | 623篇 |
特种医学 | 115篇 |
外科学 | 515篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 463篇 |
眼科学 | 37篇 |
药学 | 316篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 408篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 122篇 |
2021年 | 154篇 |
2020年 | 128篇 |
2019年 | 166篇 |
2018年 | 184篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 174篇 |
2015年 | 182篇 |
2014年 | 204篇 |
2013年 | 304篇 |
2012年 | 391篇 |
2011年 | 385篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2009年 | 189篇 |
2008年 | 333篇 |
2007年 | 305篇 |
2006年 | 254篇 |
2005年 | 253篇 |
2004年 | 231篇 |
2003年 | 211篇 |
2002年 | 200篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有5364条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Markus F. Neurath Ivan Fuss Manolis Pasparakis Lena Alexopoulou Sylva Haralambous Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde Warren Strober George Kollias 《European journal of immunology》1997,27(7):1743-1750
Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been recently proposed as effective treatment for patients with Crohn's disease. Here, we analyze the functional role of TNF-α in a mouse model of chronic intestinal inflammation induced by the hapten reagent 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) that mimics some characteristics of Crohn's disease in humans. Macrophage-enriched lamina propria (LP) mononuclear cells from mice with TNBS-induced colitis produced 10–30-fold higher levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein than cells from control mice. When mice with chronic colitis were treated by intraperitoneal injection of antibodies to TNF-α, an improvement of both the clinical and histopathologic signs of disease was found. Isolated macrophage-enriched LP cells from anti-TNF-α-treated mice produced strikingly less pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 in cell culture. The predominant role of TNF-α in the mouse TNBS-induced colitis model was further underlined by the finding that striking colonic inflammation and lethal pancolitis was induced in TNF-α-transgenic mice upon TNBS treatment. Conversely, no significant TNBS-induced colitis could be induced in mice in which the TNF-α gene had been inactivated by homologous recombination. Complementation of TNF-α function in TNF?/? mice by the expression of a mouse TNF-α transgene was sufficient to reverse this effect. Taken together, the data provide direct evidence for a predominant role of TNF-α in a mouse model of chronic intestinal inflammation and encourage further clinical trials with antibodies to TNF-α for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease. 相似文献
32.
Marius Schwabenland Henrike Salié Jovan Tanevski Saskia Killmer Marilyn Salvat Lago Alexandra Emilia Schlaak Lena Mayer Jakob Matschke Klaus Püschel Antonia Fitzek Benjamin Ondruschka Henrik E. Mei Tobias Boettler Christoph Neumann-Haefelin Maike Hofmann Angele Breithaupt Nafiye Genc Christine Stadelmann Bertram Bengsch 《Immunity》2021,54(7):1594-1610.e11
33.
Vural Alperen Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo Ferrari Marco Rampinelli Vittorio Schreiber Alberto Mattavelli Davide Doglietto Francesco Buffoli Barbara Rodella Luigi Fabrizio Taboni Stefano Tomasoni Michele Gualtieri Tommaso Deganello Alberto Hirtler Lena Nicolai Piero 《Neurosurgical review》2021,44(5):2857-2878
Neurosurgical Review - Transorbital endoscopic approaches are increasing in popularity as they provide corridors to reach various areas of the ventral skull base through the orbit. They can be used... 相似文献
34.
35.
36.
37.
Lena Thyrell Olle Sangfelt Boris Zhivotovsky Katja Pokrovskaja Yisong Wang Stefan Einhorn Dan Grandér 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2005,25(2):63-72
Interferons (IFNs) exert antitumor effects in several human malignancies, but their mechanism of action is unclear. There is a great variability in sensitivity to IFN treatment depending on both tumor type and the individual patient. The reason for this variable sensitivity is not known. The fact that several IFN-induced anticellular effects are exerted through modulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may indicate that the malignant genotype may be decisive in the cell's sensitivity to IFN. To determine if a deregulated oncogene could alter the cellular response to IFN, a mouse lymphoma cell line (J3D) was stably transfected with the viral human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) E7 oncogene. The E7-transfected cells and their respective mock-transfected sister clones were treated with IFN-alpha and examined for possible IFN-induced anticellular effects. We found that the E7-transfected clones were greatly sensitized to IFN-alpha-induced apoptosis compared with their mock-transfected counterparts. Induction of apoptosis in the transfected cells correlated with the ability of IFN to activate parts of the proapoptotic machinery specifically in these cells, including activation of caspases and the proapoptotic protein Bak. In summary, our data suggest that transfection of malignant cells with the E7 oncogene can sensitize them to IFN-alpha-induced apoptosis. This demonstrates that an oncogenic event may alter the cellular sensitivity to IFN and might also have implications for treatment of HPV-related diseases with IFN. 相似文献
38.
Jenny Englert Lena Witzdam Dominik Söder Manuela Garay-Sarmiento Anton Joseph Anna M. Wagner Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》2023,224(24):2300306
The immobilization of vesicles has been conceptualized as a method to functionalize biointerfaces. However, the preservation of their integrity post immobilization remains a considerable challenge. Interfacial interactions can cause vesicle rupture upon close surface contact and non-specific protein adsorption impairing surface functions. To date, immobilization of vesicles has relied solely on either entrapment or prior modification of vesicles, both of which require laborious preparation and limit their applications. This work develops a bioinspired strategy to pin vesicles without prior modification while preserving their intact shape. This work introduces antifouling diblock copolymers and ultrathin surface-attached hydrogels containing a brush-like interface consisting of a bottle brush copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-aminiumiodide (C12+). The presence of positive charges generates an attractive force that pulls vesicles toward the surface. At the surface, the amphiphilic properties of the combs facilitate their insertion into the membrane, mimicking the harpooning mechanism observed in antimicrobial peptides. Importantly, the antifouling poly(HPMA) backdrop serves to safeguard the vesicles by preventing deformation and breakage. Using a combination of thermodynamic analysis, surface plasmon resonance, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, this work demonstrates the efficiency of this biomimetic system to capture vesicles while maintaining an antifouling interface necessary for bioapplications. 相似文献
39.
40.
4 workers developed hand and face dermatitis when exposed to a floor top coal. This contained a polyurethane arid a polyfunctional aziridine hardener and additives. The aziridine hardener was made by reacting propyleneimine with a polyfunctional acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). All 4 reacted to the hardener and to TMPTA, which is present in excess, 2 of them also reacted to pentacrythritol triacrylate (PETA), which can be used in the production of aziridine hardeners. TMPTA and PETA cross-react, and are known sensitizers in UV-hardening acrylates.
The present finding shows that well-known sensitizers can be found in hidden sources when used in a quite different chemical process. 相似文献
The present finding shows that well-known sensitizers can be found in hidden sources when used in a quite different chemical process. 相似文献