MRI of the Hip for the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement; past,present, and future

The concept of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has, in a relatively short time, come to the forefront of orthopedic imaging. In just a few short years MRI findings that were in the past ascribed to degenerative change, normal variation, or other pathologies must now be described and included in radiology reports, as they have been shown, or are suspected to be related to, FAI. Crucial questions have come up in this time, including: what is the relationship of bony morphology to subsequent cartilage and labral damage, and most importantly, how is this morphology related to the development of osteoarthritis? In this review, we attempt to place a historical perspective on the controversy, provide guidelines for interpretation of MRI examinations of patients with suspected FAI, and offer a glimpse into the future of MRI of this complex condition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:558–572. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

诺氟沙星的吸附行为及其测定

诺氟沙星在0.05mol·L^-1NH₄Cl (pH 5.8)溶液中,出现一灵敏的示波极谱还原峰。峰电位为-1.44 V (vs SCE)。峰高与诺氟沙星的浓度在1.0×10^-7～4.0×10^-6mol·L^-1范围内成正比,检出限为5.0×10^-8mol·L^-1,并用于样品的测定。用线性扫描与循环伏安法等手段研究体系的吸附性质。实验表明,该电极过程为具有吸附性的不可逆过程。     

18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in brain tumours: The Western Australia positron emission tomography/cyclotron service experience

¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scans in the first 49 patients referred with either possible brain tumour or brain tumour recurrence were reviewed. FDG‐PET imaging was reported with reference to anatomical imaging. Based on the report the FDG study was classified as either positive or negative for the presence of tumour. Thirty‐eight cases were included in the analysis, 21 having pathological data and 17 with diagnostic clinical follow up. Eleven were excluded, as they had inadequate follow‐up data. Of the 21 cases with pathology, 18 were shown to have tumour. In this group there were five false‐negative scans and two false‐positive PET scans. Seventeen cases were assessed by clinical follow up, nine were considered to have been tumour. There were two false negatives with one false positive. The overall sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were 74, 73, 87 and 53% respectively. This is similar to figures previously quoted in published work. Despite relatively limited numbers, the utility of FDG PET imaging in our hands is similar to published reports. With a positive predictive value of 87%, a positive FDG study indicates a high likelihood that there is brain tumour present. A negative study does not exclude the presence of tumour.     

Nociceptive sensitization by the secretory protein Bv8

1 The small protein Bv8, isolated from amphibian skin, belongs to a novel family of secretory proteins (Bv8-Prokineticin family, SWISS-PROT: Q9PW66) whose orthologues have been conserved throughout evolution, from invertebrates to humans. 2 When injected intravenously or subcutaneously (from 0.06 to 500 pmol kg(-1)) or intrathecally (from 6 fmol to 250 pmol) in rats, Bv8 produced an intense systemic nociceptive sensitization to mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the tail and paws. 3 Topically delivered into one rat paw, 50 fmol of Bv8 decreased by 50% the nociceptive threshold to pressure in the injected paw without affecting the threshold in the contralateral paw. 4 The two G-protein coupled prokineticin receptors, PK-R1 and PK-R2, were expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in dorsal quadrants of spinal cord (DSC) and bound Bv8 and the mammalian orthologue, EG-VEGF, with high affinity. In DSC, PK-R1 was more abundant than PK-R2, whereas both receptors were equally expressed in DRG. IC(50) of Bv8 and EG-VEGF to inhibit [(125)I]-Bv8 binding to rat DRG and DSC were 4.1+/-0.4 nM Bv8 and 76.4+/-7.6 nM EG-VEGF, in DRG; 7.3+/-0.9 nM Bv8 and 330+/-41 nM EG-VEGF, in DSC. 5 In the small diameter neurons (<30 microm) of rat DRG cultures, Bv8 concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 10 nM, raised [Ca(2+)](i) in a dose-dependent manner. 6 These data suggest that Bv8, through binding to PK receptors of DSC and primary sensitive neurons, results in intense sensitization of peripheral nociceptors to thermal and mechanical stimuli.     

Effect of display modality on spatial accuracy of orthopaedic surgery pre-operative planning applications

Graphical representation of a patient's anatomy is fairly similar in the majority of orthopaedic surgery planning programs. The position of implantable devices is usually established using a three-pane window showing 2D cross sections of the CT data set taken on three user-selectable orthogonal planes. In some cases this orthogonal-plane representation is replaced or extended by interactive 3D visualization, obtained using surface rendering techniques. These ways to represent the CT data come naturally and easily to the programmer. However, the efficacy of these display strategies is questionable. The present study aims to assess if the display modality used to visualize CT data affects the inherent spatial accuracy achievable in a surgical planning application. A group of users was asked to perform repeatedly a specific planning task using various display interfaces to the same underlying software application. The planning task was designed to allow an assessment of the accuracy with which each user was able to position the prosthetic component. A specialized interface, called multimodal display, presented a peak error of 0.45 mm and 0.95 deg, significantly lower than the 2.4 mm and 4 deg for the othogonal slices interface, and the 3.8 mm and 16.7 deg for the 3D-rendering interface. The results of this study indicate an important effect of the type of visualization modality used to represent CT data on final accuracy of the planning operation.     

难治性青光眼两种治疗方法的比较

临床资料 2003-02／2004—10，难治性青光眼36例36眼，(男19，女17)例；年龄37—81(平均59．6)岁；术前视力：无光感6例，光感15例，手动13例，眼前数指2例；术前眼压：在5．59—10．77(平均8．01)kPa；1例系玻切术后继发性青光眼，35例系新生血管性青光眼(其中：视网膜静脉阻塞15例，糖尿病视网膜病变18例，原因不明2例)．①眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝术18例：在角膜缘环形剪开结膜，充分止血；在     

Bilateral chronic conjunctivitis and corneal scarring in a boy with X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia

ABSTRACT We report an unusual case of bilateral chronic conjunctivitis and corneal scarring in a boy with X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia (XLH) who did not respond to the usual antibacterial and antiviral therapy. An immunofluorescence test for Chlamydia trachomatis from an eye swab was strongly positive. Within days of commencement of local and systemic tetracycline therapy, he showed marked improvement. Since conjunctival follicle formation, which depends on the presence of a B-cell population, may not occur in XLH, clinical examination in chlamydia conjunctivitis may be misleading and lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment with resulting corneal complications, unless laboratory evidence of chlamydia infection is specifically sought.