噻吗洛尔的透皮特性及影响其透皮吸收的因素

采用V-C水平扩散池对噻吗洛尔穿透完整无毛小鼠和人皮肤以及去角质层无毛小鼠和人皮肤的透过特性进行了摸索。对影响噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的因素如水合、介质pH以及各种透皮促进剂对其穿透率的影响进行了系统的研究。本文应用YWC-C₁₈健合固定相,以水-乙腈-三乙胺(87:13:1)为流动相系统,对噻吗洛尔进行了体外反相高效液相色谱法检测。实验结果表明噻吗洛尔透皮吸收的可行性,其透皮穿透率随着水合时间的适当延长、介质pH值的增大以及各类透皮促进剂的使用有显著性的增加。其中10%和1%azone合用体现了较好的协同作用。本结果为噻吗洛尔TTS的进一步研制提供了实验基础。     

D-tagatose has low small intestinal digestibility but high large intestinal fermentability in pigs

The digestibility of D-tagatose, its effect on the digestibility of macronutrients and the metabolic response of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract to the ingestion of this carbohydrate were studied in pigs. Eight pigs were fed a low fiber diet comprising 15% sucrose (control group). Another eight pigs were fed a similar diet except that 100 g sucrose per kg diet was replaced by D-tagatose (test group). After 18 d, the pigs were killed and the gastrointestinal contents removed for analysis. The digestibility of D-tagatose was 25.8 +/- 5.6% in the distal third of the small intestine. The small intestinal digestibilities of dry matter (86.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 92.9 +/- 0.9%), gross energy (74.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 80.7 +/- 1.8%) and sucrose (90.4 +/- 2.5 vs. 98.0 +/- 0.5%) were lower (P < 0. 05) in the pigs fed D-tagatose. Digestibilities of starch, protein and fat did not differ between groups. D-Tagatose, sucrose and starch were fully digested in the large intestine. The fecal digestibilities of energy, dry matter and fat did not differ between the two groups, whereas D-tagatose reduced the fecal digestibility of protein (91.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 93.5 +/- 0.7%, P < 0.05). D-Tagatose served as a substrate for the microbiota in the cecum and proximal colon as indicated by a reduced pH, and a greater ATP concentration, adenylate energy charge (AEC) ratio and concentration of short-chain fatty acids. In particular, the increase in the concentrations of propionate, butyrate and valerate suggests possible health benefits of this monosaccharide.     

Azone预处理对抗病毒药Ara-ADA穿透无毛小鼠皮肤的持续影响

本文用两个半池组成的扩散池测定4～6周无毛小鼠腹部皮肤用1-十二烷基氮杂环庚烷2酮(Azone)预处理24h后,对抗病毒药2′,3′-双乙酰阿糖腺苷(2′,3′-di-O-acetyl-3-βD arabinofuranosyl adenine简称Ara ADA)透过皮肤促进作用的持续效应。皮肤经Azone处理后,立即或分别测定经历4,5…8d后的穿透系数。结果表明,经Azone处理后的无毛小鼠皮肤可使Ara ADA的穿透系数提高44倍,皮肤经Azone处理一次后,药物透过皮肤的促进作用至少可持续8d,药物通过皮肤的扩散时滞明显缩短。     

Pseudoaneurysm and deep vein thrombosis complicating femoral osteochondroma: Multimodality imaging

A case of a femoral osteochondroma complicated by pseudoaneurysm and deep venous thrombosis is presented. Multimodality imaging contributed crucial information to allow successful diagnosis and preoperative planning.     

siRNA-mediated knock-down of ZnT3 and ZnT8 affects production and secretion of insulin and apoptosis in INS-1E cells

Zinc is essential for the crystallization of insulin in pancreatic β-cells and is thought to induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, thereby regulating β-cell mass. Therefore, a tight intracellular regulation of Zn2(+) is required. The zinc-transporter family SLC30A is an important factor in the regulation of zinc homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the zinc transporters ZnT3 and ZnT8 on insulin metabolism and apoptosis. Both these proteins are present in pancreatic β-cells and have been linked to diabetes. The objective of our study was to perform a considerable siRNA-mediated knock-down of ZnT3 and ZnT8 in INS-1E cells, a pancreatic β-cell model, and afterwards examine the impact on cell viability and insulin metabolism. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed after knock-down of both ZnT3 and ZnT8. Insulin secretion was significantly reduced by ZnT3 knock-down, whereas knock-down of ZnT8 resulted in increased intracellular content of insulin accompanied by a relatively lowered secretion. Both zinc transporters in this way seem to play a role in β-cell survival and the ability of these cells to react appropriately to surrounding glucose concentrations.     

Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study

Purpose

To determine whether procalcitonin (PCT) levels could help discriminate isolated viral from mixed (bacterial and viral) pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the A/H1N1v2009 influenza pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed in 23 French ICUs during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Levels of PCT at admission were compared between patients with confirmed influenzae A pneumonia associated or not associated with a bacterial co-infection.

Results

Of 103 patients with confirmed A/H1N1 infection and not having received prior antibiotics, 48 (46.6%; 95% CI 37?C56%) had a documented bacterial co-infection, mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (54%) or Staphylococcus aureus (31%). Fifty-two patients had PCT measured on admission, including 19 (37%) having bacterial co-infection. Median (range 25?C75%) values of PCT were significantly higher in patients with bacterial co-infection: 29.5 (3.9?C45.3) versus 0.5 (0.12?C2) ??g/l (P?<?0.01). For a cut-off of 0.8???g/l or more, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT for distinguishing isolated viral from mixed pneumonia were 91 and 68%, respectively. Alveolar condensation combined with a PCT level of 0.8???g/l or more was strongly associated with bacterial co-infection (OR 12.9, 95% CI 3.2?C51.5; P?<?0.001).

Conclusions

PCT may help discriminate viral from mixed pneumonia during the influenza season. Levels of PCT less than 0.8???g/l combined with clinical judgment suggest that bacterial infection is unlikely.     

Severity assessment tools in ICU patients with 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18: 1040-1048 ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine if severity assessment tools (general severity of illness and community-acquired pneumonia specific scores) can be used to guide decisions for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to pandemic influenza A pneumonia. A prospective, observational, multicentre study included 265 patients with a mean age of 42 (±16.1)?years and an ICU mortality of 31.7%. On admission to the ICU, the mean pneumonia severity index (PSI) score was 103.2?±?43.2 points, the CURB-65 score was 1.7?±?1.1 points and the PIRO-CAP score was 3.2?±?1.5 points. None of the scores had a good predictive ability: area under the ROC for PSI, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.78); CURB-65, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59-0.74); and PIRO-CAP, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56-0.71). The PSI score (OR, 1.022 (1.009-1.034), p 0.001) was independently associated with ICU mortality; however, none of the three scores, when used at ICU admission, were able to reliably detect a low-risk group of patients. Low risk for mortality was identified in 27.5% of patients using PIRO-CAP, but above 40% when using PSI (I-III) or CURB65 (<2). Observed mortality was 13.7%, 13.5% and 19.4%, respectively. Pneumonia-specific scores undervalued severity and should not be used as instruments to guide decisions in the ICU.