联苯双酯对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文用荧光探剂ANS,NPN和DPH研究联苯双酯对人红细胞膜不同层次流动性的影响。结果表明:该药可降低膜表层流动性(ANS为探剂),增加膜中层(NPN为探剂)和深层(DPH为探剂)的流动性。此外,还发现该药对由丙二醛诱发的溶血有保护作用。综合以上结果,作者对联苯双酯的药理作用进行了扼要的讨论。     

Caffeine inhibits the viability and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Background and purpose:

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the signal transduction enzyme most responsible for mediating the effects of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NO-independent small molecule activators of sGC have been developed that have promising clinical activities. We have shown that the secreted matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) binds to CD47 and potently inhibits NO stimulation of sGC in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and platelets. Here we show that TSP-1 signalling via CD47 inhibits sGC activation by NO-independent sGC activating small molecules.

Experimental approach:

Vascular smooth muscle cells and washed human platelets were pretreated with TSP-1 (2.2 nM) in the presence of haeme-dependent sGC activators (YC-1, BAY 41-2272), and a haeme-independent activator (meso-porphyrin IX), and cGMP levels were measured. The effect of sGC activators on platelet aggregation and contraction of VSMC embedded in collagen gels was also assayed in the presence and absence of TSP-1.

Key results:

Thrombospondin-1 inhibited sGC activator-dependent increase in cGMP in VSMC and platelets. TSP-1 pretreatment also inhibited the ability of these agents to delay thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. TSP-1 pretreatment reduced the ability of sGC activating agents to abrogate VSMC contraction in vitro.

Conclusions and implications:

This work demonstrates that TSP-1 is a universal inhibitor of sGC, blocking both haeme-dependent and haeme-independent activation. These data coupled with the reported increases in TSP-1 with age, diabetes, ischaemia/reperfusion, and atherosclerosis implies that the therapeutic potential of all drugs that activate sGC could be compromised in disease states where TSP-1/CD47 signalling is elevated.     

Changes in health complaints after removal of amalgam fillings

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether removal of all amalgam fillings was associated with long-term changes in health complaints in a group of patients who attributed subjective health complaints to amalgam fillings. Patients previously examined at the Norwegian Dental Biomaterials Adverse Reaction Unit were included in the study and assigned to a treatment group (n = 20) and a reference group (n = 20). Participants in the treatment group had all amalgam fillings replaced with other restorative materials. Follow-ups took place 3 months, 1 and 3 years after removal of all amalgam fillings. There was no intervention in the reference group. Subjective health complaints were measured by numeric rating scales in both groups. Analysis of covariance was used to compare changes in health complaints over time in the two groups. In the treatment group, there were significant reductions in intra-oral and general health complaints from inclusion into study to the 3-year follow-up. In the reference group, changes in the same period were not significant. Comparisons between the groups showed that reductions in intra-oral and general health complaints in the treatment group were significantly different from the changes in the reference group. The mechanisms behind this remain to be identified. Reduced exposure to dental amalgam, patient-centred treatment and follow-ups, and elimination of worry are factors that may have influenced the results.     

The use of Urgotul™ in the treatment of partial thickness burns and split‐thickness skin graft donor sites: a prospective control study

The use of paraffin‐impregnated gauze for burns and skin graft donor sites is commonly associated with wound adherence with consequent pain and trauma upon removal. This prospective clinical study was performed to evaluate a new class of lipido‐colloid dressings (Urgotul^?) in promoting healing and in reducing tissue adherence. In a 6‐month period, 25 consecutive patients were recruited. Two separate burn or donor sites on each patient were dressed with tulle‐gras (TG) or Urgotul^? and covered with standard secondary dressings. Objective assessment of wounds by two reviewers, and patients' subjective assessments were recorded. Twenty‐three (92%) patients were followed up for a mean of 3 months. Mean time to complete epithelialisation was 9·6 and 11·9 days for the Urgotul^? and TG sites respectively (P < 0·05). Bleeding was seen in 52% of Urgotul^? sites compared with 100% of the TG sites at first dressing change (P < 0·05). Patients reported ‘moderate pain’ during dressing change in 22% and 57% in the Urgotul^? and TG groups respectively (P < 0·05), with 35% of TG sites being ‘very painful’ requiring extra analgesia. We found that compared with TG, Urgotul^? was associated with faster epithelialisation, less pain and trauma (bleeding) during dressing changes.     

5种假药片的鉴定及有关药品质量标准的修订建议

目的：对盐酸小檗碱片,安乃近片,醋酸地塞米松片,醋酸泼尼松片和肌苷片的5种假药进行鉴定,并对有关质量标准提出修订建议。方法：采用HPLC法并与中国药典收载的有关方法比较。结果：用HPLC法检出60余批造假产品。结论：HPLC法专属性更强,结果更可靠。现行有关药品标准应予修订。     

阿魏酸钠对大鼠肝线粒体氧化性损伤的保护作用

观察到阿魏酸钠有明显抑制硫酸亚铁和维生素C系统诱导的脂质过氧化反应和线粒体膨胀作用,且呈量效关系,并缓解丙二醛(脂质过氧化产物之一)对线粒体氧化磷酸化过程的解偶联反应。线粒体膜蛋白电泳图谱呈现阿魏酸钠有抑制丙二醛与膜蛋白交联作用。上述结果提示阿魏酸钠可缓解自由基损伤反应,有益机体能量合成代谢。     

磁性微球的磁响应性及狗肾动脉栓塞实验研究

研究了磁性明胶微球(MG-ms)的磁响应性及狗肾动脉栓塞效果。磁响应性实验表明,介质流速越慢,磁场强度越大,磁性微球中磁铁粒子含量越高,越容易定位磁性微球。狗肾动脉灌注10～30um磁性微球,血管造影和病理切片结果表明:磁性微球在外磁场作用下可以进一步栓塞至肾小球、肾脏的微细动脉,而且栓塞均匀、完全,而不加磁场时栓塞不完全。这些结果提示磁性明胶微球可以作为治疗肾癌的栓塞剂,将有利于增强化疗效果、减少毒副反应。     

Four mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria.

We have detected four different mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) gene in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) families from England, Norway, and Sweden. A splicing mutation in the first position of intron 8 (Int8 + 1) was found in a family from England and a missense mutation in exon 12 (Glu250) was detected in a Norwegian family. Two mutations were identified in Swedish families, one splicing mutation in the first position of intron 3 (Int3 + 1) and one missense mutation in exon 8 (Pro119).     

联苯双酯制剂的物理分散状态及体外释放度

用X-射线衍射法,考察不同载体制备的固体分散体系中联笨双酯的物理分散状态,聚乙二醇6000(PEG 6000)固体分散系为有限互溶固体溶液,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)共沉淀物为无定形粉末,脲共熔物为简单低共熔混合物,热分析研究亦证实PEG 6000固体分散物较其相应比例的物理混合物及片剂有更高的分散度。比较两种联苯双酯片剂与滴丸的体外释放度,两种片剂的释放度参数td值分别为37和178min,滴丸未包衣者为11min,包衣者为26.in。由此可知物理分散状态是影响释放速度的主要因素。     

华文认知能力量表的实证效度

目的:考查华文认知能力量表的聚合效度和鉴别效度。方法:①被试来源:正常成人样本为无锡市精神卫生中心职工,正常儿童样本来自无锡市和芜湖中小学,弱智儿童样本来自培智学校,脑损害患者为无锡某医院神经科院患者,精神病患者样本来自无锡市精神卫生中心。所有受试者测试前都征得本人或监护人的知情同意。②工具:华文认知能力量表(简称CCAS)包含10个分测验:数字广度、汉词配对、数理运算、言语类推、快速组词、空间广度、图符配对、巧拼积木、图形类推、快速编码,测试是个别测验;韦氏智力量表,选用龚耀先修订的韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)和林传鼎修订的韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)。③评估标准:成绩以量表分表示,测验总成绩以离差商数(智商)表示,分数越高认知功能越好。④CCAS聚合效度检测:26名正常儿童检测CCAS和WISC-CR,26名正常成人同时检测CCAS和WAIS-RC,计算两者的相关性。⑤CCAS鉴别效度检测:用CCAS测试63名正常成人、32名脑损害患者、31名精神患者,正常儿童和弱智儿童各31名,比较组间差异。结果:所有被试均进入结果分析。①26名成人获得的CCAS言语智商、操作智商和总智商低于WAIS-RC相应得分(106.81,103.92和105.96分;112.12,113.15和113.77分),但两者间有显著性相关(r言语智商=0.775,r操作智商=0.621,r总智商=0.724)。②26名儿童获得的CCAS言语智商、操作智商和总智商低于WAIS-RC(107.50,103.62和106.00分;109.50,110.77和110.96分),两者显著性相关(r言语智商=0.888,r操作智商=0.779,r总智商=0.886)。③脑损害组和精神病组CCAS测得的总智商低于正常人(78.91±21.56,49.60±13.22,97.27±18.34,P<0.001),各项分测验得分也低于正常人(P<0.001),精神病组则低于脑损害组(P<0.001)。④弱智儿童CCAS测得的总智商低于正常儿童(44.06±13.17,101.81±14.35,P=0.000),各项分测验得分也低于正常儿童。结论:CCAS有比较好的聚合效度和鉴别效度。