氧化苦参碱对LAK细胞活性的影响

ＬＡＫ细胞具有很强的广谱杀瘤作用，而氧化苦参碱具有较强的免疫抑制作用。本文研究了氧化苦参碱对ＬＡＫ细胞活力的影响，结果表明：氧化苦参碱可抑制ＩＬ－２对小鼠脾细胞的促增殖作用，并且对ＩＬ－２活化ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤Ｐ８１５的能力也有抑制作用。当ＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）与２００μｇ／ｍｌ的氧化苦参碱共同孵育４ｄ后，可使ＬＡＫ细胞杀瘤能力（在效靶比为１００：１时）的８２．５％被抑制。同时氧化苦参碱本身对Ｐ８     

重度烫伤小鼠血清及去补体后血清诱导巨噬细胞凋亡作用的体外实验研究

目的　探讨重度烫伤小鼠血清及去补体血清在体外诱导腹腔巨噬细胞 (pMФs)凋亡及其机制。方法　采用小鼠 30 %TBSAⅢ度烫伤模型 ,分为正常对照组、烫伤组、去补体烫伤组 ,检测各组伤后 6h血清对体外培养的pMФs分泌超氧阴离子 (O2- )和一氧化氮 (NO)产量的影响 ,碘化丙锭 (PI)染色流式细胞术及凋亡电泳试验测定pMФs的凋亡情况。结果　与正常对照测值比较 ,烫伤血清诱导pMФs分泌较多的O2- 和NO ,去补体后烫伤血清诱导O2- 和NO的分泌量显著降低。烫伤血清诱导pMФs凋亡明显增加 ,去补体后烫伤血清和活性氧阻断剂PDTC及NO阻断剂AG能阻断绝大部分pMФs的凋亡。结论　重度烫伤小鼠血清补体能在体外诱导pMФs凋亡 ,O2- 和NO等炎性介质在其中发挥了重要作用     

Inhibitory effect of ketamine on phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 following brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats with hyperglycemia

To determine if the inhibitory effects of ketamine on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 are involved in reduction of the hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral ischemic lesion, rats with normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or hyperglycemia supplemented with ketamine were subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia, and then, reperfusion for 0.5, 1, and 3h. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the brain tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In rats with normoglycemia, we demonstrated a moderate increase of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cingulum cortex and hippocampus CA3 following an ischemic intervention. It quickly dropped to control levels after reperfusion for 0.5h. In rats with hyperglycemia, however, the increase of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in these areas was significantly higher in all animals reperfused. The neuronal death, detected by the TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling assays, was found in the cingulum cortex (5.23+/-2.34, per high power feild) and hippocampus CA3 areas (6.29+/-3.68, per 1mm(2)) in hyperglycemic group after reperfusion for 3h. With ketamine treatment, the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cingulum cortex and hippocampus CA1 and CA3 areas was found to be the same as that in normoglycemia rats. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia may increase the ischemic insult through modulation of the signal transduction pathways involving ERK1/2. The inhibitory effects of ketamine on the hyperglycemia-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation are probably through inhibition of the N-methyl d-aspartate-mediated calcium influx, which subsequently reduce the hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral damage.     

低强度脉冲电磁场对大鼠骨质疏松的影响

目的：观察低强度脉冲电磁场（pulsed electromagnetic fields，PEMFs）对去卵巢诱导骨质疏松症的大鼠生化指标和骨应力的影响。方法：雌性SD大鼠30只，随机等分为3组（n=10），分别为假手术组（Sham）、骨质疏松模型组（Model）、脉冲电磁场照射组（PEMFs）。经适应4wk后，在25mg·Kg^-1戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉下，Model组和PEMFs组摘除双侧卵巢．Sham组找到但不切除卵巢。各实验组均在相同环境下饲养，模型制备4wk后开始治疗，由GZY型低强度低频率脉冲电磁场发生仪产生低频脉冲磁场，根据实验要求，我们使用亥姆霍兹线圈形成均匀磁场，PEMFs组经照射刺激治疗，频率14．3Hz，场强2Gs．日照8h。Model组和Sham组正常饲养。治疗8wk后，对各组大鼠血清、尿液中ALP和Ca以及骨应力进行检测。结果：（1）ALP、Ca检测结果：与Model组相比，PEMFs组ALP值、Ca值差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中，血清中ALP值，Model组为（275．16±228，57），PEMFs组为（179．30±87．68）；Ca值，Model组为（2，66±0，13），PEMFs组为（2．52±0．05）。（2）骨应力检测结果：Model组为（923．60±34．15Pa），PEMFs组为（1152．85±118，20Pa），组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：研究发现，PEMFs对于促进骨重建、提高Ca吸收和骨应力恢复具有积极作用。     

Optimization of 3-D hepatocyte culture by controlling the physical and chemical properties of the extra-cellular matrices

Hepatocytes are anchorage-dependent cells sensitive to microenvironment; the control of the physicochemical properties of the extra-cellular matrices may be useful to the maintenance of hepatocyte functions in vitro for various applications. In a microcapsule-based 3-D hepatocyte culture microenvironment, we could control the physical properties of the collagen nano-fibres by fine-tuning the complex-coacervation reaction between methylated collagen and terpolymer of hydroxylethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate-methylacrylic acid. The physical properties of the nano-fibres were quantitatively characterized using back-scattering confocal microscopy to help optimize the physical support for hepatocyte functions. We further enhanced the chemical properties of the collagen nano-fibres by incorporating galactose onto collagen, which can specifically interact with the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytes. By correlating a range of collagen nano-fibres of different physicochemical properties with hepatocyte functions, we have identified a specific combination of methylated and galactosylated collagen nano-fibres optimal for maintaining hepatocyte functions in vitro. A model of how the physical and chemical supports interplay to maintain hepatocyte functions is discussed.     

Metastatic tumors in the sellar and parasellar regions: clinical review of four cases

Metastatic tumors in the sellar and parasellar regions are uncommon and rarely detected in clinical practice. We present four cases of sellar and parasellar metastatic tumors, which metastasized from distant organ in one case and extended directly from adjacent structures in three. Common presenting symptoms were cranial neuropathies, headache and facial pain. Invasion into the cavernous sinus was noted in all cases. We report rare cases of sellar and parasellar metastases. Also, we should consider the possibility of metastasis in these regions for patients who showed the above clinical presentations in systemic cancer patients. In extensive diseases, transient symptomatic relief could be obtained by direct surgical management, even in restricted degree.     

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia: comparison of clinical features and outcome between Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical features and outcome of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia. METHODS: Patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia treated at a medical center in northern Taiwan between November 1998 and July 2006 were reviewed. Clinical and bacteriological characteristics of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were compared. RESULTS: Twelve patients (6 males and 6 females) were included for analyses. The mean age was 69.3 years (range, 40 to 86 years), and 8 cases (66.7%) were older than 65 years. All patients had underlying disease. Two patients received total hip replacement before development of VRE bacteremia. Twelve patients had prior exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Ten patients had prior intensive care unit stay and prior mechanical ventilation before VRE bacteremia. All of the patients (n = 12) had an intravascular catheter in place. Bacteremia was caused by E. faecalis in 4 patients and by E. faecium in eight. The portals of entry included urinary tract (8.3%), skin, soft tissue and bone (41.7%) and unknown sources (50.0%). E. faecium showed a higher rate of resistance to ampicillin and teicoplanin than E. faecalis (87.5% vs 0.0%, p=0.01). The 60-day mortality rate was higher in patients with E. faecium bacteremia than E. faecalis bacteremia (62.5% vs 0.0%), although statistical significance was not obtained (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: VRE bacteremia may have an impact on the mortality and morbidity of hospitalized patients. Patients with bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium had a grave prognosis, especially immunosuppressed patients. The prudent use of antibiotics and strict enforcement of infection control may prevent further emergence and spread of VRE.     

Self-assembled biomimetic monolayers using phospholipid-containing disulfides

Several phospholipid-based disulfide molecules were synthesized and attached onto the gold-coated silicon wafer using the self-assembling method. The syntheses of these surface-modifying agents were conducted by introducing bromoethylphosphorate (PBr), phosphorylcholine (PC) or phosphorylethanolamine (PE) groups on the terminals of a dialkyl disulfide. After disulfides adsorption onto gold substrate surfaces, the composition, the film thickness, and the conformational order of self-assembled monolayer surfaces were explored and discussed in detail based on reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so on. The monolayer having the PBr end group could also be converted to a PC surface by treating with trimethylamine. The model functional surfaces of Au-SC11-PC, -PE, -PBr, -OH or corresponding mixed layers were used to mimic biomembrane surfaces. The monolayer having PC groups was found to reduce fibrinogen adsorption as evaluated from protein adsorption experiments using quartz crystal microbalance. It also showed relatively low platelet adherence compare to the glass, PBr and PE surfaces. The cell viability test also revealed that the PC surface displayed lower cytotoxicity than other surfaces.     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.