Three years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and Norplant-2 implants: a randomized comparative study

A randomized comparative study of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) and Norplant^R-2 implants was carried out in 200 women for 36 months. Three thousand one hundred woman-months of use were observed with each device. Only one pregnancy occurred in users of LNG-IUD at the 12th month of use. The change in bleeding pattern was the most frequent reason for discontinuation. The discontinuation rate for irregular bleeding with Norplant-2 was 17.3 and 26.8 at 24 and 36 months, respectively, as compared to 3.3 with LNG-IUD at both 24 and 36 months. The differences were statistically significant. Removal for amenorrhea and pain only occurred in acceptors of LNG-IUD. About 20–40% of women using Norplant-2 had prolonged bleeding through 36 months. The percentage of amenorrhea in LNG-IUD was the highest (29.3%) at the end of two years of use. More than 97% of subjects reported satisfaction with the methods used by themselves.

---

Resumen Un estudio aleatorizado en el que se comparan los dispositivos intrauterinos que descargan levonorgestrel (LNG-IUD) con los implantes Norplant-2 se realizó en 200 mujeres durante 36 meses. Se observó un período de utilización correspondiente a tres mil cien meses-mujer con cada uno de los dispositivos. Hubo un solo embarazo, en el decimosegundo mes, entre las usuarias de LNG-IUD. La alteración del flujo menstrual fue la razón invocada con mayor frecuencia para el abandono del método. Los porcentajes de abandono por la irregularidad de la menstruación en el caso de los Norplant-2 fue de 17,3 y 26,8 a los 24 y 36 meses, respectivamente, en comparación con 3,3 con los LNG-IUD a los 24 y 36 meses. Estas diferencias son estadísticamente significativas. El retiro por amenorrea y dolores sólo ocurrió entre las mujeres que tenían los LNG-IUD. Los Norplant-2 ocasionaron sangrado prolongado durante los 36 meses estudiados en alrededor del 20 al 40% de las mujeres. El porcentaje de amenorrea con los LNG-IUD llegó al nivel máximo (29,3%) al cabo de dos años de uso. Más del 97% de las mujeres se mostraron satisfechas con los métodos que utilizaban.

---

Resumé Une étude randomisée comparant les dispositifs intra-utûrins libérant du lévonorgestrel (LNG-IUD) aux implants Norplant-2 a été effectuée sur 200 femmes pendant 36 mois. On a ainsi observé une période d'utilisation correspondant à trois mille cent mois/femme avec chacun des dispositifs. Une seule grossesse s'est produite, au douzième mois, parmi les utilisatrices de LNG-IUD. L'altération du flux menstruel a été la raison le plus souvent invoquée pour l'abandon de la méthode. Les pourcentages d'abandon du fait de l'irrégularité de la menstruation dans le cas des implants se sont élevés à 17,3 et 26,8 après respectivement 24 et 36 mois, alors qu'ils n'atteignaient que 3,3 pour les LNG-IUD, tant à 24 qu'à 36 mois. Ces différences sont statistiquement significatives. Le retrait à la suite d'aménorrhée et de douleurs n'a été constaté que chez des femmes portant les LNG-IUD. Le Norplant-2 a occasionné des saignements prolongés pendant les 36 mois étudiés chez environ 20 à 40% des femmes. Dans le cas des LNG-IUD, le taux d'aménorrhée était le plus élevé (29,3%) au terme de deux années d'utilisation. Plus de 97% des patientes se sont dites satisfaites de la méthode qu'elles appliquaient.

     

Computerized tomography based on DEI refraction information.

Conventional computerized tomography (CT) technique is based on the absorption contrast. In recent years, X-ray phase-contrast CT (PCCT) has been developing rapidly. It uses the phase information to reconstruct the object and provide high contrast and spatial resolution. Diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) method is one of the three phase-sensitive X-ray imaging techniques. DEI method employs an analyzer crystal to extract the object's refraction information which can be used for CT. However, when DEI refraction CT is combined with the conventional CT algorithm, it should be satisfied that the refraction information of an arbitrary point in the object is invariable at every projection view. In this paper, the invariance condition of refraction information is analyzed and two feasible methods are provided for reconstruction. Using these two methods, two samples of weak absorption are reconstructed with the experimental data obtained at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF).     

温针灸治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病36例

目的:比较温针灸与口服西药治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病的疗效。方法:治疗组36例取下关、牵正、颊车、阿是穴、合谷(双)行温针灸,对照组口服地西泮、吲哚美辛。结果:治疗组治愈率80·6%、总有效率100%,对照组治愈率40·6%、总有效率78·1%,两组有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:温针灸治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病方法简单,疗效显著。     

营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果观察

目的 观察营养素食预防化疗患者便秘的效果。方法 选择128例化疗患者，随机分为观察组和对照组各61例，对照组常规正常饮食，观察组于化疗开始当天实施营养素食．连续7～10d，比较两组患者便秘发生率及体重、血红蛋白、白蛋白等指标。结果　对照组便秘发生率显著高于观察组（P〈0．01）；两组化疗后营养指标比较，差异无显著性意义（均P〉0．05）。结论　营养素食对化疗患者便秘有较好的预防作用。     

大肠癌182例分析

目的研究大肠癌的发病情况、病理类型及临床表现并探讨其临床意义。方法回顾该院1987～2006年经大肠镜及病理检查确珍的大肠癌病例,对比性分析老年组（≥60岁）和非老年组（〈60岁）前10年（1987～1996年）及后10年（1997～2006年）大肠癌发病特点。结果后10年大肠癌发病率显著上升,主要以老年组增高为主,非老年组增加不明显。老年组与非老年组大肠癌的发病部位相同,依次为直肠、左半结肠、右半结肠,最好发的部位为直肠、乙状结肠。病理类型仍然为肿块型、溃疡型和浸润型。血便、黏液脓血便仍然是大肠癌最常见的临床表现。结论20年间大肠癌发病率迅速上升,前10年仅占26.2%,后10年占73.8%,老年组发病率明显增高。老年组与非老年组其发病部位、病理类型、临床表现差异均无显著性。     

Electrophysiological study on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone

To explore the electrophysiological proper-ties of differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (rBMSCs) to neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone, a new type of free radical scavenger. Methods: Stromal stem cells were separated from rat bone marrow with Ficoll-Paque reagent and expanded in different culture medium in vitro, rBMSCs were induced by edaravone containing serum-free L-DMEM. Morphologic observation and Western blot analysis including the ex-pression of Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Cav1.2 were performed, and whole patch-clamp technique was used. Results: Cyton contraction and long processes were shown in differentiated stromal stem cells. Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Cav1.2 were expressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. However, the expression of channel proteins in differentiated cells was up-regulated. Consistently, their resting potential and outward currents were also enhanced in the differentiated cells, which was especially significant in the outward rectifier potassium current. Conclusion: In vitro, neuron-like cells derived from rBMSCs, induced by edaravone, possess electrophysiologi-cal properties of neurons.     

Electrochemical investigation of formic acid electro-oxidation and its crossover through a Nafion® membrane

This work studies formic acid as an anode fuel for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and investigates the electro-oxidation of formic acid on Pt/C. Fuel crossovers through the Nafion^® 115 membrane at different temperatures and concentrations are reported. A linear dependence of the crossover current on the temperature and concentration is obtained. It is found that the crossover can be reduced by five times and a higher performance can be rendered by formic acid when compared to methanol under the same conditions. Electrochemical impedance measurements are conducted to interpret the reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation. The effect of the electrode potential on the impedance pattern is revealed and an impedance model incorporating the reaction kinetics information is developed to simulate the experimental impedance response.     

对慢性心力衰竭病人治疗与护理的研究进展

心力衰竭已日益成为心血管病中对病人危害最大的疾病,因此对心力衰竭病人的治疗与护理应引起重视,现对心力衰竭病人的治疗与护理的研究进展进行了综述.     

三种泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠胃粘液成分的影响

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠粘液含量的影响.方法:用均匀设计法对半夏泻心汤及其类方进行组方药量变化,以胃粘液含量为药理学指标,对所得的药理实验数据进行逐步回归分析.结果:与胃粘液含量关联度最大的为黄连,可以显著降低其含量,其次对半夏、大枣和甘草的交互项,可增加胃粘液含量.药物之间存在复杂的交互作用.结论:均匀设计为研究类方配伍提供了一种可供参考的试验设计方法.