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61.
Dunlop O Bjørklund R Bruun JN Evensen R Goplen AK Liestøl K Sannes M Maehlen J Myrvang B 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2002,105(4):270-275
OBJECTIVES- To ask if slowed motor speed predicts later human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia and HIV encephalitis. METHODS- In 100 deceased acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients prior results from repeated testing of the movement reaction time test were correlated with later clinical signs of HIV dementia and with neuropathological signs of HIV encephalitis. Autopsy was performed in 72 patients. RESULTS- Movement reaction time 1-2 years prior to death, or at the time of clinical AIDS diagnosis predicted both development of HIV dementia (P<0.05) and HIV encephalitis at autopsy (P<0.01). CONCLUSION- Testing for early psychomotor slowing may be used to identify patients at risk of HIV dementia and HIV encephalitis. 相似文献
62.
Prevention of diabetes-induced albuminuria in transgenic rats overexpressing human aldose reductase 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ng DP Hardy CL Burns WC Muggli EE Kerr N McCausland J Alcorn D Adams TE Zajac JD Larkins RG Dunlop ME 《Endocrine》2002,18(1):47-56
Studies using pharmacologic inhibitors have implicated the enzyme aldose reductase in the pathogenesis of albuminuria and
diabetic renal disease. However, a clear conclusion is not easily drawn from such studies since these pharmacologic inhibitors
have nonspecific properties. To examine further the role of aldose reductase, we have overexpressed the human enzyme in a
transgenic rat model. Transgene expression in the kidney was predominantly localized to the outer stripe of the outer medulla,
compatible with the histotopography of the straight (S3) proximal tubule. The effect of enzyme overexpression on diabetes-induced
renal function and structure was then investigated. Contrary to what may have been anticipated from the previous enzyme inhibition
studies, diabetes-induced albuminuria was completely prevented by the overexpression of aldose reductase. No effect of overexpression
of aldose reductase on renal structure nor on urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase was observed in this transgenic rat model. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that multiple roles
for aldose reductase may give it a more complex place in diabetic nephropathy than is currently recognized. 相似文献
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R Booton P Lorigan H Anderson S Baka L Ashcroft M Nicolson M O'Brien D Dunlop K O'Byrne V Laurence M Snee G Dark N Thatcher 《Annals of oncology》2006,17(7):1111-1119
BACKGROUND: Phase III studies suggest that non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with cisplatin-docetaxel may have higher response rates and better survival compared with other platinum-based regimens. We report the final results of a randomised phase III study of docetaxel and carboplatin versus MIC or MVP in patients with advanced NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with biopsy proven stage III-IV NSCLC not suitable for curative surgery or radiotherapy were randomised to receive four cycles of either DCb (docetaxel 75 mg/m(2), carboplatin AUC 6), or MIC/MVP (mitomycin 6 mg/m(2), ifosfamide 3 g/m(2) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) or mitomycin 6 mg/m(2), vinblastine 6 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2), respectively), 3 weekly. The primary end point was survival, secondary end points included response rates, toxicity and quality of life. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17.4 months. Overall response rate was 32% for both arms (partial response = 31%, complete response = 1%); 32% of MIC/MVP and 26% of DCb patients had stable disease. One-year survival was 39% and 35% for DCb and MIC/MVP, respectively. Two-year survival was 13% with both arms. Grade 3/4 neutropenia (74% versus 43%, P < 0.005), infection (18% versus 9%, P = 0.01) and mucositis (5% versus 1%, P = 0.02) were more common with DCb than MIC/MVP. The MIC/MVP arm had significant worsening in overall EORTC score and global health status whereas the DCb arm showed no significant change. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DCb had similar efficacy to MIC/MVP but quality of life was better maintained. 相似文献
65.
Clinical evidence of cerebral oedema occurs in approximately 1% of diabetic ketoacidosis episodes. Mortality from this serious complication is falling, but little is known of long term outcome. We describe hypopituitarism and executive dysfunction developing two years after cerebral oedema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in a 12 year old with type 1 diabetes. 相似文献
66.
Population carrier frequency of hMSH2 and hMLH1 mutations 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Dunlop MG Farrington SM Nicholl I Aaltonen L Petersen G Porteous M Carothers A 《British journal of cancer》2000,83(12):1643-1645
Knowledge of population carrier frequency for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations would contribute to understanding the burden of cancer due to genetic susceptibility, but robust prevalence estimates are lacking. To estimate carrier frequency, we genotyped a cohort of relatives of mutation carriers and determined their colorectal cancer prevalence. Systematic Finnish and US data were combined with Scottish genotype and cancer prevalence data in a Bayesian calculation. The estimated carrier prevalence in the population aged 15-74 years is 1:3139 (95% Cl = 1:1247-1:7626) and these carriers are at high risk of colorectal and other cancers. 相似文献
67.
Robin D. Wood Ezio Tirelli Kristyn J. Snyder Charles J. Heyser Tara M. LaRocca L. P. Spear 《Psychopharmacology》1998,138(2):114-123
While chronic intermittent administration of stimulants often induces behavioral sensitization in adulthood, stimulant sensitization
has rarely been reported prior to weaning [around postnatal day (P) 21]. Consistent pairing of drug administration with the
test context often facilitates sensitization in adults, yet young animals have been typically returned to the home cage immediately
post-injection. To determine whether promoting context-dependent sensitization might facilitate expression of sensitization
in preweanlings, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected daily from P14 to P20 with 0, 5, 15, or 30 mg/kg cocaine HC1 and placed
for 30 min in either the experimental chamber or home cage. On P21 (test day), subjects were challenged with either 15 mg/kg
cocaine or saline prior to placement in the experimental chamber. Significant sensitization of cocaine-induced stereotyped
head movements was evident in animals given 15 or 30 mg/kg chronically in the experimental chamber, but not when these same
doses were given in the home cage. Less consistent evidence for cocaine-induced sensitization was seen when examining locomotion,
although trends for sensitization of this behavior were seen in animals chronically injected in either the test chamber or
home cage. Thus, preweanlings can exhibit cocaine sensitization, particularly in terms of stereotypy, when tested shortly
after the chronic exposure period, with expression of this sensitization being facilitated by pairing the chronic injections
with the test context.
Received: 19 November 1996/Final version: 10 December 1997 相似文献
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