An unusual rotational fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without neurologic sequelae internally fixed with a combined anterior and posterior approach

A rare complete lateral dislocation of the thoracic spine with preservation of neurologic function is reported. Anatomic reduction was obtained using an anterior approach and Harrington distraction rods for reduction followed by a broad plate and subsequent posterior segmental fixation and fusion. Long-term followup showed an excellent result.     

Myocardial stiffness and reparative fibrosis following coronary embolisation in the rat

The structural nature of fibrillar collagen involved in the replacement fibrosis which accompanies discrete areas of cell necrosis remains uncertain, as does its influence on the diastolic and systolic stiffness of the intact myocardium. This study, using 15 micron diameter microsphere embolisation of the rat myocardium, was undertaken to address these issues. Collagen volume fraction (trichrome), fibrillar collagens (picrosirius-polarisation technique), and the stress-strain relations of the intact myocardium (isolated hearts) were determined 30 d after the infusion of microspheres into the left ventricle. Significant differences from controls included: (a) the presence of hypertension secondary to renovascular embolisation; (b) a greater volume fraction of collagen that included not only a meshwork of short, taut appearing, thick and thin collagen fibres, interposed between muscle in areas of cell loss, but also a perivascular fibrosis involving intramyocardial coronary arteries; (c) elevated active stiffness, and (d) a more exponential diastolic stress-strain relation with increased stiffness at strains of 5% or more. These findings suggest that the replacement fibrosis accompanying myocyte necrosis has distinguishing morphological features involving fibrillar collagen and which because of its structure, alignment, and location relative to muscle leads to enhanced myocardial stiffness, including a more exponential rise in the diastolic stress-strain relation. The perivascular accumulation of collagen suggests that additional factors other than microsphere induced necrosis were responsible for this reactive fibrosis.     

Autotomy and the sciatic functional index

The rat sciatic nerve serves as a good model of nerve regeneration and, as such, is often used in investigations of nerve repair. After transection of the sciatic nerve, rodents frequently scratch and bite their anesthetic foot, resulting in amputation of one or more toes. This is termed autotomy or autophagy. When these rats are part of a study using the sciatic functional index (SFI), autotomy results in unusable data, since necessary foot landmarks have been removed. It would be helpful, therefore, to be familiar with the phenomenon of autotomy and to know which rats are least likely to mutilate themselves. In our experiment involving 64 rats in which the sciatic nerve was transected and repaired, we found that female Sprague-Dawley rats were significantly less likely to perform autotomy than males (33% vs. 65%, P =.04). In addition, we noted that two-thirds of the autotomies that occurred did so by postoperative week 4 and that tabasco sauce did not decrease this activity. We present our experience and a survey of the literature on autotomy and the SFI. © 1993 Wiley-Liss Inc.     

Research priorities for burn nursing: report of the psychosocial issues group.

This study was designed to identify nursing research priorities in burn care. The Delphi technique of sequential questionnaires was used for data collection. Ninety-four participants completed four rounds of questionnaires. One hundred and one research questions were identified, and priorities were assigned according to their impact on patient welfare and on the profession of burn nursing. Twenty-two of these research questions concerned psychosocial issues. This group of questions was then analyzed for priority research issues. The top five ranked questions in the psychosocial issues group for impact on patient welfare concerned: (1) stress reduction techniques, (2) social reentry strategies, (3) management of psychosis and post-traumatic stress disorder, (4) strategies to assist patients with impaired communication capabilities, and (5) the role of recovered burn survivors in encouraging patient compliance with treatments. Similarly, the top five ranked questions for impact on the profession of burn nursing concerned: (1) stress reduction strategies, (2) coping techniques for burn survivors, (3) management of psychosis and post-traumatic stress disorder, (4) nursing's supportive role in regard to "do not resuscitate" orders, and (5) coping strategies to be used with patients who express a desire to die.     

The controversy about a sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum

A sexual dimorphism of the splenium corporis callosi in man was reported in 1982. The authors described the posterior part of the female corpus callosum to be larger and more bulbous than its male counterpart. From the lateralization research, it has previously been stated that the female brain is less well lateralized for visuospatial functions than the male. The authors postulated that a larger splenium implies a larger number of fibers and that the number of interhemispheric fibers correlates inversely with lateralization of function. However, their sample was very small and not adequately matched for sex. Therefore, we reinvestigated this question. A standardized computer assisted program will be presented. With this program the "classical" parameters have been evaluated and the "rotatory diameter measurement" was performed. No differences between the sexes were seen either for the splenium corporis callosi or for the other parts of the corpus callosum.     

Zur Verletzungsdynamik des geworfenen,spitz-scharfen Wurfsterns

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer Hochfrequenzkamera wurden Translationsgeschwindigkeit und Rotationsgeschwindigkeit eines geworfenen, stilettartig spitzen und geschärften Wurfsterns ermittelt, um mit diesen Geschwindigkeiten die Auftreffenergie des Wurfsterns zu berechnen. Die dabei gewonnenen Ergebnisse beweisen, daß durch diese Wurfsterne tödliche Eindringtiefen in den Körper zu erzielen sind. Der Handel mit diesen Sportgeräten sollte gesetzlich untersagt werden.Herrn Professor Dr. med. G. Dotzauer zum 75. Geburtstag     

Bulbous-lysing underminers

The blunt dissection offered by liposuction cannulas has greatly aided surgical undermining such as in face-lift surgery. Herein, we propose a new line of instruments that combines bulbous or blunt dissection with intervening lysing segments. The subgaleal version enables the surgeon to quickly undermine the scalp from ear to ear for scalp reductions in the subgaleal plane. In addition, the subgaleal device aids in the maintenance of the proper dissection plane and is useful in browlifts as well. A closely related "general" undermining device greatly facilitates face-life surgery and has found other uses in the undermining or separation of fibrous tissue planes.     

Intermediate filament expression in human vascular smooth muscle and in arteriosclerotic plaques

Summary Different regions of human aorta and of other human arteries obtained at autopsy were analyzed with regard to their topography and to the different stages of arteriosclerosis. Material was studied by immunocytochemical techniques with antibodies specific for either desmin (D) or for vimentin (V), the two types of intermediate filament proteins present in vascular smooth muscle cells. In normal arteries endothelial cells as well as the adjacent intimal cells were D–V+. In the media D+V+ as well as D–V+ cells were present, with the relative numbers of each cell type dependent on the particular blood vessel. When cells in arteriosclerotic plaques at different stages of development were examined an occasional plaque showed cells of the D+V+ type. In the majority of plaques however the cells were V– D+. In plaques where severe ulceration and necrotic material was present D–V+ cells were found at the border of the lesion: foam cells when they could be identified appeared to be D–V+.     

Relationship between production of epidermal growth factor receptors, gene amplification, and chromosome 7 translocation in variant A431 cells

Synthesis of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor has been analyzed in a series of variant A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell clones reported to contain different amounts of EGF binding sites. The amount of EGF receptor protein, quantitated by immunoaffinity chromatography, and EGF receptor mRNA, quantitated by cDNA hybridization, were closely correlated to the extent of EGF receptor gene amplification. This correlation existed in variants selected for reduced EGF receptors and in revertants from those variants with increased EGF receptors. There was also a correlation between the frequency of translocation of chromosome 7, containing the EGF receptor gene, and EGF receptor protein. These results support gene amplification as the mechanism enhancing A431 cell EGF receptor protein and determining growth responses.