Pubic pressure urinal for incontinent male

A new pubic pressure urinal is presented. The urinal is leakproof, lightweight, sanitary, and comfortable.     

Cancer clustering around point sources of pollution: Assessment by a case-control methodology

The case-control method is proposed to test clustering of cancers near point sources of air pollution. The techniques for applying the method are described and applied to two sources of pollution: a coke oven associated with a steel mill, and a large uranium tailing dump. In neither situation was a significant excess of the cancer of interest found when compared to control cancers, though a slight excess of lung cancer was found near the coke ovens.     

Altered waveform of plasma nocturnal melatonin secretion in premenstrual depression

The nocturnal secretion of plasma melatonin was determined under dim to dark conditions in eight patients with prospectively confirmed premenstrual syndrome and in eight age- and menstrual cycle phase-matched normal control subjects. Plasma samples for melatonin were collected every 30 minutes from 6 PM to 9 AM during the early follicular, late follicular, midluteal and late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Compared with normal controls, patients with premenstrual syndrome had an earlier (phase-advanced) offset of melatonin secretion, which contributed to a shorter secretion duration and a decreased area under the curve. No statistically significant differences were found between women with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls for melatonin onset or peak concentration, or for estradiol or progesterone levels. The data demonstrate that women with premenstrual syndrome have chronobiological abnormalities of melatonin secretion. The fact that these patients respond to treatments that affect circadian physiology, such as sleep deprivation and phototherapy, suggests that circadian abnormalities may contribute to the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome.     

In vitro investigations on the effect of pilocarpine on the metabolism in pig lenses illustrated with some intermediate metabolites

22 pairs of pig lenses were incubated in TCM 199 5 g, with pilocarpine 5 X 10(-4) M and 10(-2) M. 5 X 10(-4) M is the probable concentration in the aqueous during ordinary pilocarpine medication. The concentration of 1-lactate, pyruvate, RTP, RDP and AMP was determined in the lenses and the assimilation of glucose and the production of 1-lactate and pyruvate were measured. As far as pilocarpine 5 X 10(-4) M was concerned no significant differences were found, but pilocarpine 10(-2) M gave a significantly higher 1-lactate concentration in the lenses (118%) and increased the assimilation of glucose to 120% and also augmented the production of 1-lactate to 168% and the pyruvate to 184%, tending to show that pilocarpine 10(-2) M increased the glycolytic activity in the lenses. The concentrations of RTP, RDP and AMP were unchanged.     

Acute leukemia: Diagnosis and management of testicular involvement

Contemporary therapy of acute leukemia frequently achieves long-term continued complete remission (CCR) of bone marrow disease and prevents central nervous system relapse. However, accompanying improved survival is an increasing incidence of overt testicular relapse either during CCR or associated with bone marrow relapse. In 7 boys testicular abnormalities developed during CCR, 6 had open biopsy and 5 had histologically confirmed leukemic infiltration. Despite local therapy of orchiectomy or irradiation and chemotherapy reinduction, 2 of 6 had testicular relapse and 4 of 6 died. Three boys with coexistent overt testicular and systemic relapse died. Nine boys with normal testes had testicular biopsy during CCR prior to discontinuation of chemotherapy. Results of all biopsies were benign, but one boy had a relapse. The diagnosis of occult testicular leukemia prior to discontinuation of chemotherapy allows selection of high-risk boys requiring prolonged, intensive, and possibly alternative therapy. The indication for testicular biopsy in boys with acute leukemia is documented, and appropriate clinical management of testicular leukemia is presented.     

Body position changes and periodic movements in sleep

What triggers episodes of periodic movements in sleep (PMS) remains unknown. Despite the uncertainties, there is no doubt of the widespread prevalence of PMS, particularly in elderly populations. This study explored possible consistent temporal relationships between body position and PMS episodes. Eleven subjects, monitored by polygraph and videotape, averaged 299 leg jerks in nine episodes, and 13 body position changes of greater than or equal to 90 degrees. Leg jerk episodes had a significant tendency to terminate soon before body position changes, and likewise there was a trend for leg jerk episodes to begin soon after position changes. It is hypothesized that adverse body positioning, via an influence upon the spinal cord or peripheral tissue perfusion, triggers PMS episodes, which persist until the adverse positions are changed. In this small sample, "adverse" positions could not be elucidated.     

Haemodynamic Effects of Enflurane in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease

In eight patients undergoing cardiac surgery for aortic and/or mitral valvular disease, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and pulmonary arterial mean pressure (PAMP) were measured after premedication with diazepam-scopolamine (I), after breathing 100% oxygen (II), and on controlled respiration (111) after induction of anaesthesia with enflurane-02, and endotracheal intubation facilitated by succinylcholine.
All measurements were done prior to surgery. Enflurane anaesthesia was found not to affect cardiac index. The average SI decreased by 27%, but was compensated for by an average increase in heart rate (HR) of 33%. The average systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 14%.
All other measured parameters were found to be unaffected by enflurane-0₂ anaesthesia. It is concluded that the cardiovascular stability observed in healthy young normals during enflurane anaesthesia is preserved in patients with moderate to severe heart failure, making enflurane an anaesthetic agent well suited for patients with cardiac disease.