Access to dental care among adults with physical and intellectual disabilities: residence factors

Background:  There is limited information about access and barriers to dental care among adults with disabilities.
Methods:  A mailed questionnaire survey of carers of 18–44-year-old South Australians with physical and intellectual disabilities (care recipients; n = 485) in family homes, community housing and institutions. Bivariate associations were tested using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for irregular dental visits (IDV).
Results:  Carers from family homes and community housing were more likely to report problems in obtaining dental care than those at institutions (p < 0.001). Lack of dentists with adequate skills in special needs dentistry (SND) was the most frequently reported problem for carers from family homes and community housing. IDV were less likely (p < 0.01) for care recipients in institutions and community housing than in family homes. After adjusting for care recipients' age, gender and disability, odds of IDV was lower in community housing (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.3) and in institutions (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.3) relative to family homes.
Conclusions:  Care recipients in institutions and community housing had better access to dental care than those at family homes. The shortage of dentists in SND and treatment costs needs to be addressed.     

苍白球毁损对帕金森病相关疼痛的缓解

0 引言疼痛是帕金森病(Parkinsons disease,PD)较常见症状,发生率15%～46%[1].为探讨苍白球毁损对其疗效,我们随访了患者21例,现报道如下.     

载瘤动脉痉挛状态下栓塞脑动脉瘤18例

1 临床资料唐都医院神经外科在2004-02/2004-05间用电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗了颅内动脉瘤患者共46例,其中存在载瘤动脉痉挛18 (男 6,女12)例,年龄17～65岁,平均42岁,均以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血为首发症状,临床表现为头痛、呕吐、颈强.伴有意识障碍者8例;肢体功能障碍者3例;1例后交通动脉瘤伴有动眼神经麻痹.术前Hess-Hunt分级Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级1例. 全部病例均DSA造影检查确诊存在颅内动脉瘤及载瘤动脉痉挛.其中前交通动脉瘤11例,后交通动脉瘤4例,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤1例.全部病例均用电解弹簧圈栓塞.术后常规腰穿放出血性脑脊液,应用钙拮抗剂,静脉应用罂粟碱2 wk,同时高脑灌注压,高血容量,低血黏度等综合治疗.     

碘化1-甲基-2,4-二氨基-6-(N-甲基-取代苄氨基)喹唑啉鎓的合成及其抗疟和抗肿瘤作用

2,4-二氨基喹唑啉类化合物具有抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗疟等多方面药理活性,已证明甲氧苄啶(甲氧苄氨嘧啶TMP)和甲氨喋呤(MTX)与受体(二氢叶酸还原酶,DHFR)结合时,杂环上N′质子化,并与DHFR的A_(sp)-27的游离羧基发生电荷转移作用。作者已报道,2,4-二氨基-6-(N-甲基-取代苄氨基)喹唑啉(Ⅰ)有强的抗疟和抗肿瘤作     

Both megakaryocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis are induced in mice infected with a retrovirus expressing an oncogenic erythropoietin receptor [see comments]

Increasing direct and indirect evidence suggests that erythropoietin (Epo) promotes both erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. Here we report that, in mice infected with a recombinant spleen focus-forming retrovirus (SFFV) expressing an oncogenic erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), there was an increase in platelet count preceding the ensuing erythrocytosis. Concurrently, there was a substantial increase in splenic megakaryocytes. Culture of the bone marrow and spleen cells from infected mice showed enhanced numbers of multipotent megakaryocytic progenitors. DNA polymerase chain reaction analysis of individual megakaryocyte-containing colonies showed recombinant SFFV (SFFVcEpoR) proviral integration. Immunofluorescence of spleen sections showed overexpression of EpoR protein in the megakaryocytes. Mice infected with a strain of SFFV also developed splenic megakaryocytosis without activating overexpression of the EpoR in megakaryocytes. This in vivo system shows that a relationship between erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis can exist at the level of the Epo-EpoR signaling pathway. Also, SFFV-based vectors may be excellent vehicles for the introduction of genes into multipotent, hematopoietic progenitors, in vitro.     

2,4-二氨基-6-(N-甲基-取代苄氨基)喹唑啉类化合物的合成和抗疟以及抗肿瘤活性

用两条不同路线合成了16个2,4-二氨基-6-(N-甲基-取代苄氨基)喹唑啉衍生物,其中13个未见报道。有4个化合物剂量5mg/kg对小鼠体内伯氏疟原虫(Plasmodium berghei)的抑制率达100%,2.5mg/kg的抑制率大于99%;有8个化合物对培养的L1210白血病细胞株的增殖抑制作用相当或优于阳性对照药物甲氨噗呤(MTX)。     

Thermic effect of food in man: effect of meal composition, and energy content

The effect of meal composition and energy content on the thermic effect of food (TEF) was investigated in sixteen adult, non-obese female subjects. Each subject consumed four different test meals, each meal on a different day. Meals were of high-carbohydrate-low-fat (HCLF) with 0.70, 0.19 and 0.11 of the energy content from carbohydrate, fat and protein respectively, and low-carbohydrate-high-fat (LCHF) with 0.24, 0.65 and 0.11 of the energy content from carbohydrate, fat and protein respectively. The energy contents of the test meals for each composition were 2520 kJ (600 kcal) and 5040 kJ (1200 kcal). The basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the postprandial metabolic rate (PP-MR) were measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry using the Douglas bag technique while the subjects were in the supine position. The mean BMR value was 3.63 (SE 0.07) kJ/min (0.87 kcal/min (SE 0.017)). The 5 h-TEF value for the 2520 kJ (600 kcal) HCLF meal was 228 (SE 11.8) kJ (54 kcal (SE 2.8)) and for the LCHF meal was 228 (SE 9.6) kJ (54 kcal (SE 2.3)). The corresponding values for the 5040 kJ (1200 kcal) meals were 356 (SE 20.4) kJ (85 kcal (SE 4.9)) and 340 (SE 15.8) kJ (81 kcal (SE 3.8)). There was no significant (P = 0.49) effect of meal composition on TEF, but the energy content of the meals had a significant (P less than 0.001) effect on TEF. In all subjects and for all meals, PP-MR had not returned to premeal level 5 h after a meal, indicating that the TEF values measured underestimate total TEF. The present study suggests that TEF is significantly influenced by the energy content of a meal but not by meal composition.